Analisis Kualitas Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Berdasarkan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) pada PT. XYZ

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas Crude Palm Oil (CPO) berdasarkan parameter kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) sekaligus mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab ketidaksesuaian mutu menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Studi ini dilaksanakan di PT. XYZ dengan memanfaatkan data hasil pengujian ALB selama periode Juli 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar nilai ALB melampaui standar perusahaan yang ditetapkan sebesar 3,5%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas produk masih belum sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan dapat menimbulkan potensi kerugian bagi perusahaan. Berdasarkan analisis diagram fishbone, diketahui bahwa peningkatan kadar ALB dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor utama, yaitu bahan baku, mesin, manusia, metode kerja, dan lingkungan. Di antara faktor tersebut, bahan baku menjadi penyebab paling dominan, yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan buah sawit yang terlalu matang, keterlambatan proses pengolahan, serta adanya kerusakan fisik pada bahan baku. Selanjutnya, metode FMEA digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat prioritas perbaikan melalui perhitungan Risk Priority Number (RPN). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor bahan baku memiliki nilai RPN tertinggi sehingga menjadi fokus utama dalam tindakan perbaikan. Upaya perbaikan yang direkomendasikan meliputi peningkatan proses sortasi bahan baku, penerapan sistem First In First Out (FIFO), pelaksanaan perawatan mesin secara berkala, serta penguatan pengawasan pada proses produksi guna menjaga kualitas CPO agar tetap optimal.

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) based on the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content parameter while identifying the factors causing quality non-conformities using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. This study was conducted at PT. XYZ by utilizing FFA test data during the period of July 2025. The results of the analysis showed that most of the FFA values exceeded the company's standard set at 3.5%, which indicated that the product quality was still not in accordance with specifications and could cause potential losses for the company. Based on the fishbone diagram analysis, it was found that the increase in FFA levels was influenced by several main factors, namely raw materials, machines, humans, work methods, and the environment. Among these factors, raw materials were the most dominant cause, caused by the use of overripe palm fruit, delays in the processing process, and physical damage to the raw materials. Furthermore, the FMEA method was used to determine the priority level of improvement through the calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The evaluation results showed that the raw material factor had the highest RPN value so it became the main focus in corrective actions. Recommended improvement efforts include improving the raw material sorting process, implementing the First In First Out (FIFO) system, implementing regular machine maintenance, and strengthening supervision of the production process to maintain optimal CPO quality.