Perancangan Model Implementasi Social Procurement Dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah Republik Indonesia

Abstract

Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan, khususnya melalui penguatan dimensi sosial yang dikenal sebagai social procurement. Namun, implementasinya di Indonesia masih menghadapi dua tantangan mendasar, yaitu belum optimalnya keterlibatan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Koperasi (UMKK) sebagai pelaku usaha dalam proses pengadaan, serta belum proporsionalnya skema honorarium Jabatan Fungsional Pengelola Pengadaan Barang/Jasa (JF-PPBJ) terhadap beban kerja dan risiko pekerjaan pelaku pengadaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang model implementasi social procurement yang mengintegrasikan pemberdayaan UMKK dan penguatan JF-PPBJ sebagai pelaku pengadaan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan desain exploratory sequential. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, observasi, kuesioner kepada pelaku usaha, kuesioner kepada pelaku pengadaan, serta validasi pakar. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, BPMN, BPR, adaptasi NASA-TLX, analisis persepsi risiko, dan survei CVM berbasis WTA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan utama UMKK berada pada akses informasi perencanaan pengadaan dan kesempatan kemitraan dengan pelaku usaha menengah dan besar. Model To-Be dirancang sebagai upaya pelibatan UMKK sejak tahap perencanaan pengadaan melalui survei dan analisis pasar UMKK, sekaligus meningkatkan efisiensi proses pengadaan dari semula 75 hari menjadi 65 hari. Selain itu, 87,76% responden pelaku pengadaan memilih skema honorarium per paket berdasarkan nilai paket pengadaan yang dibayarkan setelah satu paket pengadaan selesai dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model implementasi social procurement yang mengintegrasikan perbaikan proses pengadaan untuk memperluas pemberdayaan UMKK dan model honorarium berbasis beban kerja, risiko, serta nilai paket pengadaan untuk penguatan JF-PPBJ.

Public Procurement plays a strategic role in supporting sustainable development, particularly through the strengthening of the social dimension known as social procurement. However, its implementation in Indonesia still faces two fundamental challenges: the suboptimal involvement of Micro, Small Enterprises, and Cooperatives (MSEC) as business actors in the procurement process, and the honorarium scheme for Procurement Officer that remains disproportionate to the workload and occupational risks faced by procurement actors. This study aims to design a social procurement implementation model that integrates MSEC empowerment and the strengthening of Procurement Officer as procurement actors. The study employed a mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. Data were collected through literature review, observation, questionnaires distributed to business actors, questionnaires distributed to procurement actors, and expert validation. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, BPMN, BPR, an adapted NASA-TLX, risk perception analysis, and a CVM survey based on WTA. The results show that the main barriers faced by MSEC are access to procurement planning information and partnership opportunities with medium and large enterprises. The To-Be Model was designed as an effort to involve MSEC from the procurement planning stage through MSEC market survey and analysis, while also improving procurement process efficiency from 75 days to 65 days. In addition, 87.76% of procurement actor respondents preferred an honorarium scheme paid per procurement package based on the package value, after the completion of one procurement package. This study produces social procurement implementation model that integrates procurement process improvement to expand MSEC empowerment and an honorarium model based on workload, risk, and procurement package value to strengthen Procurement Officer.