Perancangan Produk Papan Limbah Plastik Hdpe Menggunakan Pendekatan Voice Of Customer Dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD)

Abstract

Permasalahan limbah plastik High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan konsumsi produk berbasis plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang produk papan berbahan dasar limbah plastik HDPE melalui proses daur ulang mekanis, dengan mengintegrasikan metode Voice of Customer (VoC) dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD) guna menghasilkan spesifikasi teknis yang sesuai kebutuhan pasar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan kuesioner terhadap 30 responden yang terdiri atas kontraktor bangunan, distributor material konstruksi, dan konsumen akhir di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Hasil identifikasi VoC menghasilkan 7 atribut kebutuhan pelanggan yang kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam 7 karakteristik teknis menggunakan House of Quality (HoQ). Karakteristik teknis prioritas meliputi: ketahanan terhadap air (penyerapan air ≤1,5%), Heat Deflection Temperature (≥80°C), tingkat kehalusan permukaan (≤6,3 μm Ra), dan berat jenis per lembar (≤18 kg/m²). Hasil pengujian prototipe menunjukkan bahwa papan limbah HDPE daur ulang memenuhi seluruh parameter target QFD dan melampaui performa papan kayu konvensional pada aspek ketahanan air dan stabilitas termal. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa panduan sistematis dalam pengembangan produk daur ulang berbasis HDPE yang berorientasi pelanggan.

The problem of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste in Indonesia continues to grow alongside increased plastic product consumption. This study aims to design a board product made from recycled HDPE plastic waste by integrating the Voice of Customer (VoC) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods to produce technical specifications aligned with market demands. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires from 30 respondents comprising contractors, building material distributors, and end consumers in North Sumatra. VoC identification yielded 7 customer requirement attributes, which were then translated into 7 technical characteristics using the House of Quality (HoQ). Priority technical characteristics include: water resistance (water absorption ≤1.5%), Heat Deflection Temperature (≥80°C), surface roughness (≤6.3 μm Ra), and weight per unit area (≤18 kg/m²). Prototype testing demonstrated that the recycled HDPE waste board meets all QFD target parameters and surpasses conventional timber board performance in water resistance and thermal stability. This study contributes a systematic guideline for customer-oriented recycled HDPE-based product development.