Model Investasi Infrastruktur Pelabuhan dalam Menjawab Pertumbuhan Volume Petikemas Nasional Dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v9i2.2789Keywords:
System Dynamics, investasi infrastruktur pelabuhan, peti kemas, terminal block size, berth competitiveness, port infrastructure investment, containerAbstract
Pertumbuhan volume peti kemas nasional Indonesia yang mencapai lebih dari 17 juta TEUs pada tahun 2023 dengan tren kenaikan 5–7% per tahun menciptakan tekanan struktural yang signifikan terhadap infrastruktur pelabuhan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model System Dynamics (SD) untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas berbagai skenario kebijakan investasi infrastruktur pelabuhan dalam mengakomodasi pertumbuhan tersebut secara berkelanjutan. Model dibangun melalui Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) dan Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) yang mengintegrasikan tiga sektor utama: permintaan, kapasitas operasional, dan finansial. Validasi model menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) menghasilkan nilai 17%, yang diklasifikasikan sebagai good forecasting berdasarkan kriteria Lewis (1982). Simulasi dijalankan selama horizon 25 tahun (2025–2050) pada tiga skenario: Business as Usual (BAU), Agresif, dan Bertahap. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa Skenario Agresif menghasilkan akumulasi Container Demand tertinggi sebesar 25 juta TEU dan Container Throughput mendekati 23 juta TEU pada 2050, dengan Berth Competitiveness yang secara konsisten dipertahankan di atas skor 0,6.
The growth of Indonesia's national container volume, which exceeded 17 million TEUs in 2023 with an average annual increase of 5–7%, has imposed significant structural pressure on existing port infrastructure. This study aims to develop a System Dynamics (SD) model to evaluate the effectiveness of various port infrastructure investment policy scenarios in sustainably accommodating this growth. The model was constructed through a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) integrating three core sectors: demand, operational capacity, and financial constraints. Model validation using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) yielded a value of 17%, classified as good forecasting according to Lewis (1982) criteria. Simulations were executed over a 25-year horizon (2025-2050) across three scenarios: Business as Usual (BAU), Aggressive, and Incremental. Results demonstrate that the Aggressive Scenario produces the highest Container Demand accumulation of 25 million TEUs and Container Throughput approximately almost 24 million TEUs on 2050, with the Berth Competitiveness consistantly above 0.6.
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