Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik HDPE Sebagai Alternatif Paving Block dengan Pendekatan Integrasi Design Of Experiment (DOE) dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v9i2.2788Keywords:
Limbah Plastik, HDPE, Paving Block, Design of Experiment, Quality Function Deployment, House of Quality, Kuat Tekan, Plastic Waste, Compressive StrengthAbstract
Permasalahan limbah plastik HDPE dan tuntutan paving block yang sesuai kebutuhan pengguna mendorong pendekatan desain yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan Design of Experiment (DOE) berbasis Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Quality Function Deployment (QFD) untuk mengembangkan paving block ramah lingkungan dari limbah HDPE. QFD digunakan untuk menangkap Voice of Customer (VoC) dari lima segmen pengguna—pengelola parkir, kontraktor, Dinas PU, pengelola taman, dan pengguna umum—yang diterjemahkan ke parameter teknis melalui House of Quality (HoQ). Hasil HoQ menetapkan kuat tekan dan kepatuhan SNI sebagai prioritas tertinggi (bobot absolut 140), sehingga kuat tekan dipilih sebagai variabel dependen utama DOE. DOE menguji tiga formulasi berbasis HDPE 50% dengan variasi oli dan pasir. ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar formulasi pada kuat tekan (F=28,357; p=0,001) dan berat (F=16,178; p=0,004). Formulasi P1 (HDPE 50% + Oli 50%) menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi 17,68 MPa (Mutu B, SNI 03-0691-1996), selaras dengan segmen kontraktor dan Dinas PU yang memiliki skor VoC tertinggi (4,25–4,75), sekaligus memenuhi syarat area parkir (≥15 MPa). Integrasi DOE-QFD menghasilkan produk yang optimal secara teknis sekaligus relevan dengan kebutuhan pengguna nyata.
The challenge of HDPE plastic waste management and user-demand alignment in paving block development calls for a comprehensive design approach. This study integrates a Design of Experiment (DOE) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to develop eco-friendly paving blocks from HDPE waste. QFD captured the Voice of Customer (VoC) from five user segments—parking managers, contractors, public works agencies, garden managers, and general users—translated into technical parameters via a House of Quality (HoQ). The HoQ identified compressive strength and SNI compliance as top-priority parameters (absolute weight 140 each), designating compressive strength as the primary DOE dependent variable. Three formulations (50% HDPE with varying oil and sand ratios) were tested. ANOVA confirmed significant differences in compressive strength (F=28.357; p=0.001) and weight (F=16.178; p=0.004). Formulation P1 (50% HDPE + 50% oil) achieved the highest compressive strength of 17.68 MPa (Quality B, SNI 03-0691-1996), aligning with the highest-priority VoC segments—contractors and the Public Works Agency (mean scores 4.25–4.75)—while meeting the ≥15 MPa requirement for parking areas. The DOE-QFD integration yields a product that is both technically optimal and demonstrably user-relevant.
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