ERGO-GENDONG: Redesain Alat Bantu Angkut Ergonomis bagi Buruh Gendong di Yogyakarta Menggunakan Pendekatan QFD dan TRIZ Terintegrasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v9i2.2781Keywords:
Buruh Gendong, Ergonomi, QFD, REBA, TRIZ, Ergonomics, PortersAbstract
Aktivitas pengangkutan beban berat oleh buruh gendong di Pasar Beringharjo, Yogyakarta, memiliki risiko ergonomi yang sangat tinggi karena postur kerja yang membungkuk ekstrem dan beban berlebih pada tulang belakang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat bantu angkut ergonomis ERGO-GENDONG menggunakan integrasi metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) dan Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). Data awal menunjukkan tingkat risiko postur kerja berada pada kategori kritis dengan skor REBA mencapai 11 dan persentase keluhan Nordic Body Map (NBM) sebesar 71,2%. Hasil pengolahan matriks QFD mengidentifikasi kebutuhan utama pengguna akan sistem penyangga punggung dan desain yang kompak, sementara metode TRIZ menyelesaikan kontradiksi teknis melalui prinsip Anti-Weight, Dynamicity dan Composite Materials. Desain final diimplementasikan menggunakan material ringan dengan mekanisme parallel link dan coil spring berdasarkan data antropometri responden. Proyeksi dampak menunjukkan bahwa ERGO-GENDONG mampu mengoreksi sudut pinggul dari 67° menjadi 0°–15° (postur netral), yang secara signifikan menurunkan beban kompresi pada diskus dan mereduksi skor REBA ke kategori risiko rendah (skor 2–4). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi teknologi passive exoskeleton efektif meningkatkan keselamatan kerja dan mengurangi risiko cedera muskuloskeletal pada pekerja sektor informal.
Heavy load transmission activities by porters at Beringharjo Market, Yogyakarta, have very high ergonomic risks due to extreme bending work postures and excessive load on the spine. This study aims to design an ergonomic lifting aid ERGO-GENDONG using the integration method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Initial data shows that the level of risk of work posture is in the critical category with a REBA score of 11 and a percentage of Nordic Body Map (NBM) complaints of 71.2%. The results of the QFD matrix processing identify the main needs of users for a back support system and a compact design, while the TRIZ method solves technical fossils through the principles of Anti-Weight, Dynamicity and Composite Materials. The final project design is implemented using lightweight materials with parallel link and coil spring mechanisms based on respondents' anthropometric data. Impact projections showed that ERGO-GENDONG was able to measure the hip angle from 67° to 0°–15° (neutral posture), which significantly reduced the compression load on the disc and reduced the REBA score to the low-risk category (score 2–4). This study concluded that passive exoskeleton technology intervention was effective in improving occupational safety and reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in informal sector workers.
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