Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas untuk Reduksi Cacat Produk Ragum Menggunakan Metode Six Sigma (DMAIC) di PT XYZ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v9i2.2780Keywords:
kontrol mutu, reduksi cacat, Six Sigma, defect reduction, quality controlAbstract
Penelitian ini berfungsi mengkaji dan mempertahankan standar mutu dari produk ragum guna meminimalkan angka kerusakan yang terjadi pada alur pembuatan barang pada PT XYZ. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Six Sigma yang mengacu pada kerangka Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC). Pada tahap define, dilakukan penentuan terhadap sifat-sifat yang berkaitan dengan standar mutu kritis (CTQ) serta stratifikasi jenis kecacatan. Tahap measure melibatkan analisis stabilitas proses menggunakan peta kendali data atribut dan variabel, serta pengukuran kapabilitas proses melalui indeks Cp dan Cpk, serta perhitungan DPMO dan level sigma. Tahap analyze menggunakan histogram, diagram Pareto, scatter diagram, fishbone diagram, dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) guna menemukan sumber utama kecacatan. Dari hasil penelitian, didapat nilai DPMO sebesar 16.771,49 dengan level sigma sebesar 3,63 yang mengindikasikan proses masih berada pada tingkat kapabilitas menengah. Terdapat tiga jenis cacat utama, yaitu karat (41,18%), sompel (32,35%), dan kikis (26,47%) dengan total cacat 34 unit dari 168 inspeksi. Nilai Cp dan Cpk masing-masing sebesar 0,4296 dan 0,4024 mengindikasikan bahwa masih kesulitan untuk secara konsisten memenuhi spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan. Berdasarkan analisis FMEA, prioritas perbaikan difokuskan pada faktor mesin dan material. Usulan perbaikan meliputi perawatan dan penggantian komponen mesin, standarisasi bahan baku, serta peningkatan kompetensi operator melalui pelatihan dan penerapan SOP. Implementasi perbaikan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan kemampuan proses serta menekan angka kerusakan produk secara berkelanjutan pada PT XYZ.
This study attempts to review and control the quality of vise products to reduce defect rates during the manufacturing process at PT XYZ. The method employed is Six Sigma using the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) approach. In the define stage, critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics and defect stratification were identified. The measure stage involved evaluating process stability using attribute and variable control charts, as well as assessing process capability through Cp and Cpk indices, along with DPMO and sigma level calculations. The analyze stage utilized several quality tools, including histograms, Pareto diagrams, scatter diagrams, fishbone diagrams, and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to identify root causes of defects. The results indicate a DPMO value of 16,771.49 with a sigma level of 3.63, indicating a moderate process capability level. Three major defect types were identified, namely rust (41.18%), chipped defects (32.35%), and scraped defects (26.47%), with a total of 34 defective units out of 168 inspections. The Cp value of 0.4296 and Cpk value of 0.4024 suggest that the process is not capable of consistently meeting specifications. Based on FMEA results, improvement priorities focus on machine and material factors. Proposed improvements include machine maintenance and component replacement, material standardization, operator training, and implementation of standardized operating procedures (SOP). These improvements are expected to enhance process capability and reduce defect rates sustainably.
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