Performa Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Dua Varietas Bunga Performa Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) pada Media Tanam Berbeda

Vegetative Growth Performance of Two Sunflower Varieties (Helianthus annuus L.) on Different Growing Media

Abstract

Bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak bernilai ekonomi tinggi, namun budidayanya di Indonesia masih belum optimal sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan melalui pemilihan varietas dan media tanam yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh berbagai media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dua varietas bunga matahari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan Fakultas Pertanian pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2025 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dua varietas bunga matahari, yaitu IPB BM1 dan Helina IPB. Faktor kedua adalah media tanam yang terdiri atas topsoil 100%, topsoil + pasir, topsoil + cocopeat, topsoil + tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), dan topsoil + sekam bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas IPB BM1 memiliki tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, dan bobot kering tajuk lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Helina IPB. Media tanam topsoil + cocopeat menghasilkan rataan tertinggi sebesar 94,74 cm pada tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang dengan rataan 21,23 mm. Media tanam topsoil + TKKS menghasilkan rataan tertinggi pada luas daun 132,11 cm2 dan panjang akar sebesar 22,88 cm. Interaksi varietas IPB BM1 dengan media topsoil + cocopeat menghasilkan rataan tertinggi pada tinggi tanaman yaitu 94,74 cm, jumlah daun yaitu 21,40 helai dan diameter batang sebesar 21,23 mm, sedangkan varietas Helina IPB dengan media topsoil + sekam bakar menghasilkan rataan tertinggi pada tinggi tanaman yaitu76,81 cm dan diameter batang sebesar 18,96 mm.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oil-producing crop with high economic value; however, its cultivation in Indonesia has not yet been optimal, making improvement efforts necessary through the selection of appropriate varieties and growing media. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growing media on the vegetative growth of two sunflower varieties. The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture from March to June 2025using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor consisted of two sunflower varieties, namely IPB BM1 and Helina IPB. Thesecond factor was the growing media, comprising 100% topsoil, topsoil + sand, topsoil + cocopeat, topsoil + oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), and topsoil+ rice husk charcoal. The results showed that the IPB BM1 variety exhibited superior vegetative growth compared to Helina IPB, as indicated by greater plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and shoot dry weight. The topsoil + cocopeat medium produced the highest mean plant height (94.74 cm) and stem diameter (21.23 mm). The topsoil + OPEFB medium resulted in the highest mean leaf area (132.11 cm²) and root length (22.88 cm). The interaction betweenthe IPB BM1 variety and the topsoil + cocopeat medium produced the highest plant height (94.74 cm), number of leaves (21.40 leaves), and stem diameter (21.23 mm), whereas the interaction between the Helina IPB variety and the topsoil + rice husk charcoal medium resulted in the highest plant height (76.81 cm) and stemdiameter (18.96 mm).