Vegetation Identification and Mangrove Distribution Mapping in North Sumatra Under Different Environmental Conditions

Abstract

The diversity of mangrove vegetation in North Sumatra is quite high, and each mangrove species has unique ecological adaptations and a tendency to grow in specific habitats. The results of this study aim to identify the types of mangrove vegetation and their habitat characteristics in the coastal areas of North Sumatra. The approach used was descriptive qualitative research with data collection through a literature review of various journals and books whose research was located in North Sumatra Province. The data obtained was statistically processed and mapped using Artificial Intelligence, Excel, and a database from the Global Mangrove Watch website as supporting data to analyze the distribution and spread of mangroves in the region. Furthermore, the identification of mangrove habitats or zoning was carried out, which is influenced by environmental factors such as substrate, temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The results of the study showed that there are 58 mangrove species in North Sumatra, and Langkat Regency has the highest number of mangrove species compared to other regencies in North Sumatra Province, namely 38 species with Very Good substrate suitability (fine muddy clay), as well as water quality suitable for mangrove plants, namely temperature (29.330C), salinity (25.50 ppt), and pH (7.13).