Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Kulit Buah Naga, Biji Papaya Terfermentasi dan Campurannya Melalui Air Minum Terhadap Karkas dan Bagian Offal Internal dan Eksternal Ayam Kampung pada Pemeliharaan Free Range

Use of Dragon Fruit Peel Water Extract, Fermented Papaya Seeds and Their Mixtures Through Drinking Water On The Carcass and Internal and External Offal Parts of Village Chicken Keep It In Free Range

Abstract

Ayam kampung yang dipelihara secara free range memiliki potensi produksi karkas yang baik, namun produktivitasnya masih relatif rendah akibat keterbatasan kualitas pakan dan manajemen pemeliharaan. Pemanfaatan bahan alami sebagai aditif air minum, khususnya limbah pertanian seperti kulit buah naga dan biji pepaya yang difermentasi, menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan performa ternak karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif dan bersifat ramah lingkungan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fitobiotik dan bahan fermentasi dapat memperbaiki kecernaan dan efisiensi pemanfaatan nutrien, namun kajian mengenai pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga dan biji pepaya terfermentasi, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi, terhadap karkas dan bagian offal ayam kampung free range masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak air kulit buah naga terfermentasi, ekstrak air biji pepaya terfermentasi, serta campurannya melalui air minum terhadap bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, serta persentase offal internal dan eksternal ayam kampung pada sistem pemeliharaan free range. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam, sehingga total ayam yang digunakan sebanyak 200 ekor. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi R0: air minum tanpa ekstrak (kontrol), R1: air minum dengan 4% ekstrak air kulit buah naga terfermentasi, R2: air minum dengan 4% ekstrak air biji pepaya terfermentasi, dan R3: air minum dengan campuran 2% ekstrak air kulit buah naga terfermentasi dan 2% ekstrak air biji pepaya terfermentasi. Variabel yang diamati meliputi bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase offal internal, dan persentase offal eksternal. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam, dan apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata (P<0,05), dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan R1, R2, dan R3 berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot karkas dan persentase karkas dibandingkan dengan R0, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot potong, persentase offal internal, dan persentase offal eksternal. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak air kulit buah naga terfermentasi, ekstrak air biji pepaya terfermentasi, serta kombinasinya melalui air minum mampu meningkatkan bobot dan persentase karkas ayam kampung free range tanpa memengaruhi bobot potong dan persentase offal.

Native chickens raised under a free-range system have good potential for carcass production; however, their productivity is still relatively low due to limitations in feed quality and management practices. The utilization of natural additives in drinking water, particularly agricultural by-products such as fermented dragon fruit peel and fermented papaya seeds, represents an alternative approach to improving poultry performance because of their bioactive compounds and environmentally friendly properties. Previous studies have reported that the use of phytobiotics and fermented materials can enhance nutrient digestibility and utilization efficiency. Nevertheless, studies evaluating the effects of fermented dragon fruit peel extract and fermented papaya seed extract, either singly or in combination, on carcass characteristics and offal components of free-range native chickens remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the effects of fermented dragon fruit peel water extract, fermented papaya seed water extract, and their combination administered through drinking water on slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and the percentages of internal and external offal of free-range native chickens. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with four treatments and five replications, each replication consisting of ten chickens, resulting in a total of 200 native chickens. The treatments consisted of R0: drinking water without extract (control), R1: drinking water with 4% fermented dragon fruit peel water extract, R2: drinking water with 4% fermented papaya seed water extract, and R3: drinking water with a combination of 2% fermented dragon fruit peel water extract and 2% fermented papaya seed water extract. The observed variables included slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, external offal percentage, and internal offal percentage. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant differences were detected (P<0.05), Duncan’s multiple range test was applied. The results showed that treatments R1, R2, and R3 had a significant effect (P<0.05) on carcass weight and carcass percentage compared to R0, but had no significant effect on slaughter weight, internal offal percentage, or external offal percentage. It can be concluded that the administration of fermented dragon fruit peel water extract, fermented papaya seed water extract, and their combination through drinking water improved carcass weight and carcass percentage of free-range native chickens without affecting slaughter weight or offal percentages.