Analysis of The Implementation of Maintenance Management System in The Use of SAP Plant Maintenance Module at PT Inalum: A Case Study of The Primary Aluminum Industry

Abstract

Manajemen pemeliharaan merupakan faktor penentu kinerja industri, khususnya pada sektor padat modal seperti peleburan aluminium. PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (INALUM), sebagai satu-satunya produsen aluminium primer di Indonesia, telah mengimplementasikan modul SAP Plant Maintenance (SAP PM) untuk memperkuat Maintenance Management System (MMS) sekaligus mempersiapkan transformasi digital menuju SAP S/4HANA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan sistem tersebut, memahami persepsi pengguna, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan organisasi dan teknologi yang memengaruhi efektivitasnya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan campuran dengan desain studi kasus deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terhadap 95 responden, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan manajer dan staf, observasi aktivitas pemeliharaan, serta dokumentasi perusahaan. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan tematik, Root Cause Analysis (RCA), serta kerangka Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara fungsi ideal SAP PM dan praktik penggunaannya sehari-hari. Permasalahan utama mencakup ketidakseragaman input data, kurangnya pelatihan pengguna, keterbatasan integrasi indikator kinerja, serta lemahnya tindak lanjut manajerial. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kompetensi pengguna, dukungan organisasi yang lebih kuat, dan adaptasi teknologi yang tepat merupakan kunci untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat MMS serta memastikan kesiapan perusahaan menghadapi migrasi sistem di masa depan.

Maintenance management has become a decisive factor for industrial performance, particularly in capital-intensive sectors such as aluminum smelting. PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (INALUM), the only primary aluminum producer in Indonesia, has implemented the SAP Plant Maintenance (SAP PM) module to strengthen its Maintenance Management System (MMS) and prepare for digital transformation toward SAP S/4HANA. The purpose of this study is to assess how the system is being implemented, to capture users’ perceptions, and to identify organizational and technological challenges that affect system effectiveness. This research applied a mixed-method approach with a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through questionnaires involving 95 employees, semi-structured interviews with managers and staff, observation of maintenance activities, and company documentation. The analytical framework combined thematic analysis, Root Cause Analysis (RCA), and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) model. The findings highlight a gap between the intended functions of SAP PM and its actual use in daily practice. Key issues include inconsistent data entry, insufficient user training, limited integration of key performance indicators, and inadequate managerial follow-up. The study concludes that aligning user competence, organizational support, and technological adaptation is essential to maximize MMS benefits and ensure readiness for future system migration.