The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 On Bone Formation In Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Current Application

Abstract

An important growth factor found in bone remodelling and repair regulation is bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). It plays a significant role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent stromal cells capable of differentiating into various cell types, including osteoblasts. The therapeutic application of BMP-2 in tooth regeneration has shown promising results, particularly in orthopedic and dental fields. The purpose of this research is to determine how BMP-2 influences MSCs' osteogenic differentiation and to investigate its possible therapeutic uses in regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering. The results showed that BMP-2 greatly improves MSCs' osteogenic differentiation. The mineralization of MSCs treated with BMP-2 was shown to be greater than that of control cells on in vitro studies. Animal models on in vivo investigations showed that BMP-2 enhances bone repair and increases bone growth. Patients with critical-sized bone defects have been shown to benefit from BMP-2's ability to enhance bone regeneration in clinical studies. As a powerful osteogenesis inducer in MSCs, BMP-2 is an important component of bone engineering. Significant therapeutic implications arise from its capacity to improve bone growth and repair, especially in relation to the treatment of bone defects. Future research should focus on optimizing BMP-2 delivery methods and exploring its synergistic effects with other osteogenic factors to maximize its therapeutic potential.