Formulasi dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Antijamur Gel Sampo Anti ketombe Minyak Sereh Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus):

Formulation and Anti-fungal Activity of Lemongrass Oil (Cymbopogon citratus) Anti-Dandruff Gel Shampoo

Abstract

Salah satu penyebab adanya ketombe pada kulit kepala adalah jamur Pityrosporum ovale. Minyak sereh dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) mengandung α sitral dan β sitral yang mempunyai aktivitas antijamur. Bermacam-macam bahan antijamur telah digunakan dalam produk sampo anti-ketombe dan produk ini menunjukkan efek samping seperti rambut rontok, gatal-gatal dan iritasi pada kulit kepala. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah memformulasi dan evaluasi aktivitas antijamur gel sampo anti ketombe dari minyak sereh dapur (Cymbopogon citratus). Minyak sereh dapur yang digunakan diuji aktivitas antijamur. Formulasi gel sampo antiketombe menggunakan minyak sereh dapur dengan konsentrasi 5%; 7,5% dan 10%. Evaluasi formulasi gel meliputi: penampilan fisik, homogenitas, kemampuan berbusa dan stabilitas busa, penentuan pH, pengukuran viskositas dan tegangan permukaan, daya pembasah, daya pembersih, stabilitas fisik selama penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu kamar dan aktivitas anti-jamur terhadap Pityrosporum ovale. Hasil uji antijamur minyak atsiri sereh dapur terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale menunjukkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) adalah 5 mg/ml dengan rata-rata diameter hambat 7,23 mm dan konsentrasi hambat yang paling aktif adalah 100 mg/ml dengan rata-rata diameter hambat 27,46 mm. Gel shampoo antiketombe minyak sereh dapur yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan uji homogenitas, kemampuan membusa dan stabilitas busa, pH, viskositas, daya pembasah dan pembersih, dan stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu kamar. Aktivitas antijamur gel sampo antiketombe minyak sereh dapur dengan konsentrasi 5%; 7,5%; dan 10% memiliki rata-rata diameter hambat terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale masing-masing adalah 17,30; 18,76 dan 20,43 mm. Gel sampo antiketombe dengan minyak sereh dapur 10% adalah yang paling effektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Pityrosporum ovale.

One of the causes of dandruff on the scalp is a fungi, Pityrosporum ovale. Lemongrass Oil (Cymbopogon citratus) consists of α sitral and β sitral which have anti-fungal activity. There are various anti-fungal agent as a component of anti-dandruff shampoo, however, they caused side effects such as hair loss, itchy and scalp iritation. This research aimed to formulate and evaluate the antifungal activity of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) anti-dandruff gel shampoo. Anti-fungal activity of lemongrass oil was evaluated.  The formula of anti-dandruff gel shampoo consists of lemongrass with various concentration of 5%; 7,5% and 10%. Evaluation of gel formula consists of physical performance, homogeneity, foaming ability, foam stability, pH measurement,  determination of viscosity and surface tension, lubricant and hygiene ability,  physical stability for 12 weeks at room temperature and anti-fungal activity against Pityrosporum ovale. The result of anti-fungal activity evaluation of Lemongrass oil against Pityrosporum ovale showed that it hadminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 mg/mL with mean of inhibition zone diameter of 7,23 mm and the maximum inhibitiory concentration was 100 mg/ml with mean of inhibition zone diameter of 27,46 mm. Anti-dandruff gel shampoo of Lemongrass Oil met the criteria of homogenity, foaming ability and foam stability, pH, viscosity, lubricant and hygiene ability, and stable for 12 weeks strorage at room temperature. Anti-fungal activity of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) anti-dandruff gel shampoo against Pityrosporum ovale  with various concentrations of 5%; 7,5%; dan 10% showed mean of inhibition zone diamater of  17,30; 18,76 and 20,43 mm, respectively. Anti-dandruff gel shampoo with 10% lemongrass oil was the most potent sample to inhibit Pityrosporum ovale growth