Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA)

The Potential of Functional Cookies Enriched with Katuk Leaves and Stevia in Supporting Lactation

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Breastfeeding plays a critical role in infant development, supporting immune system function and cognitive growth while protecting against malnutrition. For mothers, breastfeeding increases nutritional requirements as they produce milk and recover from childbirth. Insufficient breastfeeding duration contributes to malnutrition and stunting in children. Lactogenic foods, such as katuk leaves and soybeans, have shown potential to support milk production. This study explores the development of lactogenic cookies made with katuk leaf flour and stevia as a natural sweetener, designed to meet the nutritional needs of breastfeeding mothers. The cookies aim to enhance lactation through functional ingredients known to stimulate prolactin and oxytocin production. The study also investigates the cookies' nutritional content, lactogenic effectiveness, sensory qualities, and impact on milk production. Results indicate that katuk leaf flour, rich in polyphenols, and soybeans, rich in isoflavones, enhance milk production. Stevia, as a low-calorie sweetener, offers a healthier alternative to sugar. The cookies were well-received for their taste, texture, and convenience. While preliminary findings suggest a positive impact on lactation, further clinical trials are recommended to confirm the effectiveness of these lactogenic cookies in supporting breastfeeding mothers. This study highlights the potential of functional foods to improve maternal nutrition and breastfeeding outcomes.

The Influence of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) Activities on Bank Performance in ASEAN

Fawza Azhmie Siregar, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of environmental, social, and governance activities on bank performance in ASEAN. Indication of bank performance measurement can be seen from Return on Asset (ROA). Meanwhile, the measurement of environmental, social, and governance activities is done through environmental scores, social scores, and governance scores. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, which is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data used in this research is secondary data for the period 2018- 2022 which comes from the Refinitiv website. The analysis method used is panel data regression analysis. The results showed that environmental activities had a negative and insignificant effect on bank performance. Social activities have a negative and significant effect on bank performance. Governance activities have a negative and insignificant effect on bank performance.

Recyclepay Apps: Digital Platform Innovation to Support Green Economy and Sustainable Waste Management in North Sumatra

Adinda Hasanah, Pratiwi Kurnia Putri, Theodora Samosir — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Waste problems in North Sumatra continue to increase, causing negative impacts on the economy, environment, and public health. Based on data from the National Waste Management Information System, by 2024, the volume of waste generated in North Sumatra will reach approximately 2,864.06 tons per day, with an annual amount of 1,045,381.35 tons. Therefore, an innovative technology- based solution is needed that can facilitate sustainable transactions and increase community participation in environmental conservation. This research proposes a digital platform designed to integrate the concept of green economy with the circular economy system, to support waste reduction, resource optimization, and increase the economic value of goods that still have potential uses. Using a literature study approach, secondary data analysis, and a survey of potential users, this research resulted in the design of a RecyclePay model that includes a collection mechanism, exchange system, and processing of waste into value-added products, which is expected to increase public awareness, reduce waste, create economic benefits and support the achievement of SDGs, especially in sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12), inclusive economy (SDG 8), and environmental protection (SDG 13). The results show that RecyclePay can be an innovative solution in overcoming waste management problems, and has the potential to become a major catalyst in encouraging a green economy in North Sumatra, but its effective implementation requires infrastructure readiness, supporting regulations, and collaboration between the government, private sector, and communities to ensure a sustainable positive impact in building a green economy in North Sumatra.

The Effect of Inflation, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Freedom on Indonesia Economic Growth

Amirullah, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation, foreign direct investment and economic freedom in the short and long term on Indonesia economic growth in 1994-2023. This type of research is quantitative using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method in the form of time series data with a research time span from 1994 to 2023. The research data is obtained from the official website of the World Bank and Heritage Foundation. The results showed that in the short term, the inflation variable has a significant positive effect on Indonesia economic growth. While in the long run, the inflation variable has a significant negative effect on Indonesia economic growth. Foreign direct investment variable in the short term has a significant negative effect on Indonesia economic growth. Meanwhile, in the long run, foreign direct investment has a significant positive effect on Indonesia economic growth at the 10% significance level. Economic freedom variable in the short term has a significant positive effect on Indonesia economic growth. While in the long run, the economic freedom variable has a significant negative effect on Indonesia economic growth.

The Effect of Export-Import Ratio, Human Development Index (HDI), and Labor on Income Inequality in Five Asean Countries with GDP as a Moderating Variable

Jhuan Sarototonafo Zalukhu, Ramli — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The economic growth of ASEAN countries faces the ongoing challenge of income inequality despite increasing regional economic integration. International trade through export-import activities plays a role in promoting growth but does not necessarily ensure equitable income distribution. On the other hand, human capital quality and labor absorption are crucial factors in fostering inclusive development. This study aims to examine the effect of the Export-Import Ratio, Human Development Index (IPM), and Labor on Income Inequality in five ASEAN countries, and whether Gross Domestic Product (GDP) moderates these relationships over the period of 2011–2022. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method, utilizing secondary data in a panel data analysis approach. The study applies Panel Data Regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of Eviews 12 software. The findings of this research indicate that: (1) the export-import ratio has a positive and significant effect on income inequality in the five ASEAN countries; (2) the Human Development Index (IPM) has a negative but insignificant effect on income inequality; (3) labor force has a negative but insignificant effect on income inequality; (4) the export-import ratio, IPM, and labor force collectively have a significant effect on income inequality; (5) GDP does not moderate the relationship between the export-import ratio and income inequality; (6) GDP moderates the relationship between IPM and income inequality by weakening the effect; and (7) GDP moderates the relationship between labor force and income inequality by weakening the effect.

Differences In Income and Conditions of Drivers Before and After Utilizing Online Transportation Service Applications in The City of Medan

Rahmadiansyah Pratama, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine how much the difference in income conditions of drivers before and after utilizing online transportation service applications in the city of Medan. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive research. The scope of this research is 4 shopping centers in Medan City. Data collection was carried out using primary data to answer the main problem and describe the research objectives obtained based on the results of interviews directly to respondents to obtain the main research data and complete the discussion in the study, this data was then processed using the Statistical Product for Servicer Solution (SPSS) Program and analyzed using multiple linear data analysis techniques. The results showed that there is a difference between the income of ojek drivers before and after using online transportation service applications in Medan City. There is a significant difference in the increasing income of ojek drivers before and after using online transportation service applications which is caused by the increasing number of passengers, and stable tariff competitiveness conditions.

The Effect of Economic Growth, Investment, and Urbanisation on Employment Opportunities in ASEAN

Salsabillah Ananda Puspita, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of economic growth, investment, and urbanization on employment opportunities in the ASEAN region, both in the short and long term. The variables used in this study are Economic Growth (GDP Growth), Investment (Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows) and Urbanization (Urban Population Growth) to Employment Opportunities (employment-to-population ratio). The object of this research is ASEAN. This research is quantitative and uses secondary data. The analysis technique used is Panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model, which combines cross-section data (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) with time series from 2000 to 2023. The results show that in the long run, economic growth and urbanization have a negative and significant effect on employment opportunities, while investment has a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, in the short term, economic growth has a positive and significant effect on employment opportunities, but investment and urbanization do not show a significant effect.

Policy Transformation: Promoting Sustainable Production and Consumption of Local Brands in Indonesia in Support of SDGs 2045

Sella Cantika Br Tobing, Yesaya Lowly Simarmata, Muhammad Sazzaly — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia faces challenges in implementing sustainable consumption and production (SCP) principles, which are critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Although Indonesia has formulated policies such as the 2020-2030 SCP Strategic Framework, implementation on the ground is still limited, especially in supporting the strengthening of sustainability-focused MSMEs. Sustainable MSMEs, which integrate environmentally and socially friendly practices, have great potential to support the creation of decent jobs and empower local communities. In addition, MSMEs also play a role in reducing social inequalities and accelerating the transition to a green economy. However, the main challenges faced are limited market access, lack of fiscal incentives, and difficulties in obtaining recognized sustainability certifications. Therefore, more progressive and integrated policies are needed to encourage the strengthening of local brands and sustainable MSMEs. By strengthening support for this sector, Indonesia can accelerate the achievement of SDGs 1, 8, and 12, while laying a strong foundation to realize the vision of a Golden Indonesia 2045, an advanced nation based on sustainable development.

Analysis of the Effect of the Transportation Infrastructure Sector on Indonesia's Economic Growth

Rizky Ananda Revi, Wahyu Ario Pratomo — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study for analysis of the influence of the transportation infrastructure sector on Indonesia’s Economic Growth. The method used in this study is descriptive through a quantitative approach. In the initial stage, panel data regression analysis was tested. This method is done to observe the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variable through three approaches namely, common effect model, fixed effect model, and random effect model, and several other tests. The data obtained in this study is secondary data through books and BPS – Statistics Indonesia The method used in this study is descriptive through a quantitative approach. The result of this study show that transportation infrastructure sector had positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s Economic Growth.

The Effects of Exports, Inflation, and the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on Economic Growth with Investment as a Moderating Variable in Indonesia

Reni Clara Pangaribuan, Ramli — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia’s economic growth faces challenges in maintaining long-term stability amid global macroeconomic pressures. Export activity, inflation, and labor force participation are key variables that influence growth dynamics, although their effects are not always linear. On one hand, exports have strong potential to drive national output, while inflation and the labor force participation rate (LFPR) often exert distinct pressures on economic performance. Investment is believed to strengthen or alter the direction of these variables’ influence on economic growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of exports, inflation, and LFPR on Indonesia’s economic growth, with investment as a moderating variable, using time series data from 1993 to 2024. This research employs a descriptive quantitative approach. The data used are secondary data, and the methods applied include Multiple Linear Regression and Moderated Regression Analysis using the residual method, processed with SPSS version 27. The results of the study show that: (1) exports have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia, (2) inflation has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, (3) LFPR has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, (4) exports, inflation, and LFPR simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth, (5) investment moderates the relationship between exports and economic growth by strengthening the effect, (6) investment does not moderate the relationship between inflation and economic growth, and (7) investment does not moderate the relationship between LFPR and economic growth.

Analysis of Leading Sectors and Economic Development Strategies in Deli Serdang Region

Jeremia Hasiolan Sirait, Murbanto Sinaga — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Leading sectors are expected to be able to overcome the problems of economic development in Deli Serdang Regency. The purpose of this study is to find out which sectors are the leading sectors in Deli Serdang Regency and to find out how the growth rate and contribution of Deli Serdang Regency influence. The type of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency for Deli Serdang Regency and the Central Statistics Agency for North Sumatra Province. The analysis in this study uses Microsoft Excel 2013 and the data used is data from 2018-2022. The results of this study are based on the analysis of Location Quotient, Typology Klassen, and Overlay, there are two sectors that are leading sectors in Deli Serdang Regency, namely the Electricity and Gas Procurement sector, and Construction and the results of the SWOT analysis are Utilizing foreign investment and tourism so that they can manage natural resources and strategic location, Utilizing foreign investment and strategic location in placing human resources to work in the manufacturing industry, Improving the quality of human resources and infrastructure so that more and more investors are able to manage untouched tourism, Eliminating sectoral egos in government so that there are more investors and reducing the unemployment rate, Improving the quality of natural resources and utilizing the location to meet standard community needs so that they can compete with other regions, Optimizing health protocols in industrial areas so that the Covid-19 pandemic does not recur. Improving facilities and infrastructure so that distribution can quickly meet the needs of the community, Create good cooperation between the government and other (foreign) parties in maintaining health protocols after the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Effect of Sharia Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBIS), Composite Stock Price Index (JCI), and Economic Growth on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) During 2019-2023

Muhammad Khalid Ikrom, Haroni Doli Hamoraon — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates, Composite Stock Price Index, and Economic Growth on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index both in the long term and short term on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index during 2019-2023. This type of research is quantitative research using secondary data consisting of monthly data during 2019-2023 from the ISSI, SBIS, JCI and Economic Growth variables. The analysis method used is the ECM analysis method. From the research results, the Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificate (SBIS) has no significant effect on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) during 2019-2023 because the long-term test results produce a t-statistic value of -0.279799 with a probability of 0.7807 and short-term testing produces a t- statistic value of -0. 033969 with a probability of 0.9730. The Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) has a significant effect on the Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) during 2019-2023 because the long-term test results produce a t-statistic value of 13.97277 with a probability of 0.0000 and short-term testing produces a t-statistic value of 13.033378 with a probability of 0.0000. Economic Growth does not have a significant effect on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) during 2019-2023 because the long-term test results produce a t- statistic value of -0.690139 with a probability of 0.4930 and short-term testing produces a t-statistic value of 13.033378 with a probability of 0.0000.

Analysis of The Influence of SAMSAT Mobile (Tax Awareness, Tax Knowledge, Service Quality, Tax Sanctions) on Taxpayer Compliance in The Context of Motor Vehicle Tax Revenue in South Labuhan Batu Regency

Amelia Pintanaito Pasaribu, Sirojuzilam Hasyim — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Motor vehicle tax revenue is reported in the provincial budget, which is used to finance regional expenditures Motor vehicle tax is paid by motor vehicle owners every year. Payment can be made through the SAMSAT joint office established by the local government in each region. This type of research includes quantitative descriptive research which aims to describe whether mobile Samsat has a role in increasing motor vehicle tax revenue using statistical data, respondent survey data, and so on to process data. This study examines the role of the influence of Mobile Samsat in increasing motor vehicle tax revenue in the Pinang City area. The population in this study were taxpayers who paid motor vehicle taxes at the Pinang City UPT Samsat Office. The taxpayer population of the Pinang City Samsat Office in 2020 amounted to 7,707 taxpayers. Respondents in this study amounted to 100 samples obtained using the Slovin formula. Primary data was taken by giving questionnaires directly to respondents and interviewing respondents. Furthermore, primary data is classified into several distribution tables based on education and income levels. The results of the study can be concluded that Tax Awareness partially has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable Taxpayer Compliance, Tax Knowledge partially has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable Taxpayer Compliance, Tax Service Quality partially has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable Taxpayer Compliance, Tax Sanctions partially has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable Taxpayer Compliance. Tax awareness variables (X1), tax knowledge (X2), tax service quality (X3), and tax sanctions (X4) together (simultaneously) affect the taxpayer compliance variable (Y).

Relationship Between Transportation Service Quality General Consumer Satisfaction (Case Study: KPUM Route 64 Medan City)

Daniels Justio, Coki Ahmad Syahwier — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to: (1) assess the level of service quality, (2) examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction, and (3) identify the service quality factors that most influence customer satisfaction. The research is a survey-based study, utilizing a questionnaire as the data collection tool, which is then analyzed using quantitative methods. The research sample comprised 100 respondents, and the data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The results from the Spearman Rank test, analyzed with SPSS, show that the service quality variables in the dimensions of Tangibles, Reliability, and Assurance exhibit a positive and significant relationship with consumer satisfaction, categorized as strong. Meanwhile, for the Responsiveness and Empathy dimensions, a positive and significant relationship was found, though categorized as moderately strong.

Analysis of Export Potential of Maize Crops in Toba District, North Sumatera Province

Agus Ferdinan Hutagalung, Sya’ad Afifuddin Sembiring — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine whether the corn commodity in the food crop sub-sector in Toba Regency has export potential as information and considerations in determining the direction of regional economic development policies. This research uses secondary data on the production of corn commodities in the food crop sub-sector in the publication of figures for Toba Regency 2019-2023. The analytical tools used in this research are Location Cuotient analysis and Klassen Typology. The results of the Location Cuotient analysis show that LQ> 1, this means that the corn commodity subsector of food crops in Toba Regency is an economic base that has export potential. Where corn commodities are an economic base sector that can not only meet the needs of its own region, but also can meet the needs of other regions. The results of the Klassen Typology analysis show that the growth rate of the corn commodity in the food crop sub-sector in Toba Regency is greater than the growth rate of the corn commodity in North Sumatra Province. This means that the maize commodity in Toba Regency is a developed and fast-growing commodity.

The Effect Land Area, Productivity, and Labor on Palm Oil Production in Sumatera Island 2011-2023

Mangara Sinaga, Sya'ad Afifuddin Sembiring — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence land area, productivity, and labor have on oil palm production on the island of Sumatra in 2011-2023. The type of research used is quantitative research using descriptive methods. The focus location in this research is 10 provinces on the island of Sumatra. Data collection in this study was carried out with secondary data using statistical data taken from Plantation Statistics of Various Years during the period 2011-2023. The results in this study show that simultaneously the independent variables of land area, productivity, and labor on the dependent variable of production at the 95% confidence level show a simultaneous and significant influence. Partially, it is known that land area has a positive and significant effect on oil palm production on the island of Sumatra in 2011-2023. Furthermore, productivity shows a positive and significant influence on palm oil production on the island of Sumatra in 2011-2023. While labor shows a negative and significant influence on palm oil production on the island of Sumatra in 2011-2023.

Analysis of Determinants of Growth in Sharia Insurance Investment in Indonesia: an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach

Sri Sundari Hardiyanti, Irsad Lubis — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effects of Inflation (INF), Industrial Production Index (IPI), BI Rate (BIRATE), Exchange Rate (ER), and Investment Yield (RET) both partially and simultaneously on the total investment in Sharia insurance in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data in the form of monthly time series data, covering the period from January 2018 to April 2023, comprising a total of 64 observations. The analysis is conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, with data sourced from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), Bank Indonesia (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the Ministry of Trade. The results indicate that in the short term, the Exchange Rate variable has a significant negative effect on the total investment in Sharia insurance, while Investment Yield have a significant positive effect. In the long term, Inflation, Industrial Production Index, Exchange Rate, and BI Rate do not have a significant impact; however, Investment Yield continue to have a significant positive effect. These findings suggest that the stability of investment returns is a key indicator in driving the growth of total investment in Sharia insurance, while fluctuations in the exchange rate affect short-term investment interest. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of maintaining the stability of investment returns to enhance public trust in Sharia insurance products. Additionally, the government and industry players need to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations to support the sustainability of the Sharia insurance sector in Indonesia.

The Effect Unemployment, Labor, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Six Central Asia Countries (Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Indonesia)

Shinta Nurul Syafwani, Coki Ahmad Syahwier — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine the effects of Unemployment, Labor, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth, both partially and simultaneously, in six Southeast Asian countries, namely the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative, which involves a quantitative approach to describe and analyze data. The study utilizes panel data from the six selected countries in Southeast Asia. Data collection in this research relies on secondary data from the period 2018-2022, sourced from the World Bank. The results show that, partially, Unemployment, Labor, and FDI variables have a negative and significant impact on Economic Growth. Additionally, it is found that these independent variables-Unemployment, Labor, and FDI-simultaneously influence Economic Growth.

The Effect of Utilization Zakat Alms Infak, Tax Revenue and Investment on Poverty in Indonesia

M Syafii, Indri Cahyani — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to find out how much influence the use of zakat infak alms, tax revenues and investment has on poverty in Indonesia. The type of research used in this research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach using secondary data. The scope of this research focuses on a universal location, namely Indonesia. The collection was carried out using secondary data sourced from the Indonesian National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS) and the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the observation range was 2002-2022. The data analysis method used in this research is ECM (Error Correction Model) with the help of Eviews-10 software. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that ZIS has a negative and significant effect on poverty in the long and short term. The realization of the Tax Revenue Target has a significant positive effect in the short term and a significant negative effect in the long term on poverty. Investment has a negative and significant effect in the long and short term on poverty. Simultaneously Zakat, Alms, Tax Revenue and Investment have a positive and significant effect on poverty.

The Influence of Agriculture, Processing Industry and Service Sectors on Labor Absorption in The Bukit Barisan Plateau Area of North Sumatra Province

Dewi Oktavianti Tambunan, Sirojuzilam Hasyim — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine how the agricultural sector, processing industry and services influence labor absorption in the Bukit Barisan Highlands area of North Sumatra Province. This study uses descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data source for this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) with research objects of 9 districts/cities in the period 2013-2022. This study uses a panel data analysis method and hypothesis testing using the coefficient of determination test (R2), partial significance test (t test) and simultaneous significance test (F test). The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the agricultural sector, processing industry and services have a positive and significant effect on labor absorption. Partially, it is known that the variables of the agricultural sector, processing industry and services have a positive and significant effect on labor absorption.

The Influence Of Digital Technology On The Economy In ASEAN Countries

Bayu Pratama Simatupang, Paidi Hidayat — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of digital technology continues to revolutionize from year to year, starting from the development of computers, the internet, world wide websites, mobile application devices and now the era of big data and artificial intelligence. The existence of technological developments changes and affects aspects of people's lives, industries and countries. This study aims to determine the effect of ICT, Innovation, E-commerce and Foreign Direct Investment on the Economy in ASEAN countries in 2017-2023. This study uses a quantitative approach and research data using secondary data from 7 (seven) ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia. The results of this study using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) panel data show that partially the ICT variable (X1) is positive but insignificant to the economy in ASEAN while the Innovation variable (X2) and E-commerce (X3) show a positive and significant value to the economy in ASEAN countries. The Foreign Direct Investment variable (X4) shows a negative and insignificant effect on the economy in ASEAN countries in 2017-2023. Simultaneously, the combined variables show a significant influence on the economy in ASEAN countries.

The Development of the Halal Food Industry in Bangun Purba Through the Utilization of AI Systems in the SIHALAL Application to Enchance Halal Product Assurance for SMEs

Fatia Rossa, Haroni Doli Hamoraon, SE., M.Si. — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to explore the development of the halal food industry in Bangun Purba through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the Sihalal application to enhance halal product assurance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The research employs a qualitative method using SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in implementing AI technology in the Sihalal application. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, questionnaires and documentation with SMEs operators, consumers, and other relevant stakeholders. Research results indicate that the use of AI in the Sihalal application offers significant advantages, including increased efficiency in the halal certification process, reduced risk of human error, and enhanced consumer confidence in halal products. SWOT analysis is conducted using the IFAS matrix, which outlines the strengths and weaknesses factors, and the EFAS matrix, which describes the opportunities and threats factors. The external and internal factors of SMEs in Bangun Purba show a total external score of 2.84 and a total internal score of 2.77. Thus, the IE for SMEs in Bangun Purba is located at the coordinates in quadrant I. Quadrant I represents a very favorable situation. These SMEs have opportunities and strengths (S-O) to take advantage of existing opportunities. The strategy that should be implemented in this condition is to support an aggressive growth-oriented strategy.

The Effect of Investment, Labor Force Participation, and Tourism on Unemployment In 5 ASEAN Countries

Muhammad Hasbi Fauzi, Raina Linda Sari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the long-term and short-term effects of foreign direct investment, labor force participation, and tourist visits on unemployment in five ASEAN countries. The research design employed is descriptive quantitative. The study utilizes panel data spanning the period from 1993 to 2022. The research subjects are the ASEAN-5 countries, comprising Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Data analysis in this study employs the Panel ARDL method, with testing conducted using Eviews 12. The results of the study indicate that the variable of foreign direct investment has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive and significant effect on the unemployment rate. The variable of labor force participation has a positive and insignificant effect on the unemployment rate in the long term, while in the short term it has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. The tourist visit variable has a significant effect on the unemployment rate, namely a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the long term.

The Influence of GDP per Capita, Income Inequality, Population Density, and Unemployment on the Crime Index in 7 ASEAN Countries

Amanda Islah Fajryani, M Syafii — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, income inequality, population density, and unemployment on the crime index in 7 ASEAN countries during the period 2013-2023, both in the long term and short term. Using panel data with a total of 77 observations. The results of the study indicate that the GDP per capita variable has a negative and significant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries. The income inequality variable has a positive and significant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries. The population density variable has a positive and significant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries. The unemployment variable has a negative and significant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries.

The Effect of Per Capita Income, Unemployment, And Internet Users on the Happiness Index of Asean Countries

Fariz Muhammad Ikhsan, Monika Andrasari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of per capita income, unemployment, and internet users on the happiness index in ASEAN countries during the period 2013–2022. This is a quantitative study using panel data regression. The research data was obtained from the official websites of the World Bank Data and World Happiness Index. The analysis results indicate that per capita income has a positive and significant effect on the happiness index, while the unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect. However, internet users do not have a significant effect on the happiness index. These results suggest that economic factors remain the primary determinant of happiness in the ASEAN region, while digital penetration has not yet fully reflected in improvements in societal well-being. This study is expected to provide input for governments in designing policies to improve welfare and the happiness index in the Southeast Asian region.

The Influence of Poverty, Human Development Index, and Unemployment on Economic Growth in Medan City

Kezia Gelarina S Pandia, Sirojuzilam Hasyim — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to find out how poverty, HDI and unemployment influence economic growth in the city of Medan. And to find out whether there is an influence of Poverty, HDI and Unemployment simultaneously on Economic Growth in the City of Medan. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis methods as well as statistical test analysis tools, namely the coefficient of determination test, partial test (t test), and simultaneous test (F test). The data used is Economic Growth, Poverty, HDI and Unemployment data in Medan City for 2013-2022 which is interpolated into 40 data. The results of this research are that the poverty variable has a negative and significant effect on regional development based on Economic Growth in the City of Medan. The HDI variable has a positive and significant effect on Economic Growth in Medan City. The Unemployment variable has a negative and significant effect on Economic Growth in Medan City. Poverty, HDI, and Unemployment simultaneously influence Economic Growth in the City of Medan.

Effect Of Consumption and Net Exports on Economic Growth With Investment as A Moderating Variable In North Sumatera Province

Natalia Verawaty Silitonga, Ramli — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of consumption and net exports on economic growth in North Sumatra, and to prove whether investment can moderate the relationship between consumption and net exports on economic growth. The secondary data used in this study comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra and Bank Indonesia during the period 1994-2023. The analysis was conducted using moderated regression analysis with the help of SPSS 25. The results showed that the consumption variable had a significant negative effect on economic growth in North Sumatra. The net export variable has a significant positive effect on economic growth in North Sumatra. However, investment does not moderate the effect of consumption on economic growth in North Sumatra, and does not moderate the effect of net exports on economic growth in North Sumatra. Nevertheless, the simultaneous test results show that consumption, net exports, together have a significant effect on economic growth in North Sumatra.

Effect Of Consumption and Net Exports on Economic Growth With Investment as A Moderating Variable In North Sumatera Province

Armando Putra Pratama Hutahaean, Paidi — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of energy consumption, carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emission reduction on economic growth in Indonesia. The results obtained from this study are in the short term, the energy consumption variable in the current year has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia, while the energy consumption variable (in the previous 1 year, 2 years earlier, and 3 years earlier) has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia. Then the carbon emission variable in the current year has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia, while the carbon emission variable (in the previous 1 year, 2 years earlier, and 3 years earlier) has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. Then, the greenhouse gas emission reduction variable (in the current year and 3 years earlier) has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia, while the greenhouse gas emission reduction variable (in the previous 1 year and 2 years earlier) has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. In the long run, the energy consumption variable has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia, while the carbon emission variable and the greenhouse gas emission reduction variable have a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia.

Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Cigarette Consumption in Deli Serdang Regency

Hani Trifosa Br Ginting, Raina Linda sari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of socio-economic factors namely income, cigarette price, education level, and employment status on cigarette consumption in Deli Serdang Regency. The issue is important to study because high cigarette consumption affects household welfare and public health. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach and binary logistic regression analysis. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 100 smoker respondents in three most populated sub-districts: Percut Sei Tuan, Tanjung Morawa, and Sunggal. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling. The results show that income significantly affects cigarette consumption in the middle-income group, but not in the high-income group. Cigarette price has a significant and positive influence on the likelihood of becoming a heavy smoker. Education level shows a negative relationship with cigarette consumption but is not statistically significant. Employment status also does not have a significant effect, although formal workers are more likely to become heavy smokers than informal ones. These findings indicate that price policies alone are not effective in reducing cigarette consumption among heavy smokers. Therefore, a more comprehensive policy approach is needed, including public education and socio-economic-based interventions.

Effect Of Credit Growth On Systemic Risk In Banking Stability in Indonesia (Case Study Of 25 Banks Go Public)

Indri Claire Canesa, Paidi Hidayat — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the effect of sectoral credit allocation comprising household credit, corporate credit, tradeable credit, and non-tradeable credit on systemic risk in Indonesia’s publicly listed banking sector from 2015 to 2023. Using the Marginal Expected Shortfall (MES) as a measure of systemic risk and employing the Generalized Method of Moments for Dynamic Panel Data (GMM-DPD), the analysis controls for endogeneity and dynamic relationships among variables. The results indicate that household credit, corporate credit, and non-tradeable credit significantly reduce systemic risk, suggesting a stabilizing role in the financial system, whereas tradeable credit significantly increases systemic risk, likely due to its greater exposure to external shocks and market volatility. These findings highlight the importance of sector-specific credit distribution in mitigating systemic risk and offer relevant insights for policymakers and financial regulators aiming to enhance financial stability through prudent credit allocation strategies

Analysis of the Influence of Enterprise Risk Management, Profitability, and Liabilities on the Value of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Silvany Simanjuntak, Wahyu Ario Pratomo — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Profitability and Liability on the value of banking companies. The variables used in this study are Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Profitability as measured by Return On Asset (ROA) and liabilities as measured by Loan To Deposite Ratio (LDR). The sample in this study used banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023 with a total sample of 23 banking companies that have been determined based on certain criteria. The data used in this study are secondary data. The analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is the panel data analysis method. The results showed that the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) variable had a positive and insignificant effect on the value of banking companies, the Profitability variable had a significant positive effect on the value of banking companies, and the Liability variable had a negative and insignificant effect on the value of banking companies.

Analysis Of Visitors' Perceptions Of Muslim-Friendly Tourism At The Super Priority Destination Of Lake Toba

Ilham Syahreza, Wahyu Ario Pratomo — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of study This for now Perception and Preference Visitors to Lake Toba Against Muslim-Friendly Tourist Service at the Super Priority Destination of Lake Toba development halal tourism on Lake Toba. Method used in study is method study descriptive through approach quantitative At stage beginning done testing validity and reliability This matter done because of the data obtained in study This is primary data through interview and filling questionnaire The purpose of study This For now Perception Visitors to Lake Toba Against Muslim-Friendly Tourist Service at the Super Priority Destination of Lake Toba development halal tourism on Lake Toba. Method used in study is method study descriptive through approach quantitative Research result show that level suitability between level perceptions and preferences visitors to Lake Toba towards tour friendly Muslim, shows the average level suitability of 92.68% Results from the gap shows level quality performance tour friendly Muslim according to perception visitors to Lake Toba are worth it negative (-). Where deep matter This is the result of the gap test between perception society and hope public to tour friendly Muslim in a way whole value - 0.8030.

Determinant of GDP in Developing Countries in the G-20 Group

Wenny Widya Oka Sianturia, Wahyu Sugeng Imam Soeparno — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine how much influence the variables Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment, External debt, and Inflation both partially and simultaneously have on GDP in 8 developing countries in the G-20 group. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The analytical method used in this study is to use panel data regression. The data used in this study is secondary data for the period from 2005 to 2023 GDP in 8 developing countries in the G-20 group. The data comes from world data bank. The result show that partially Trade Openness had a negative and significant effect on GDP. Foreign Direct Investment had a positive and significant effect on GDP. External debt had a positive and significant effect on GDP. Inflation had a positive and significant effect on GDP. Simultaneously the independent variables Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment, External debt, and Inflation have a positive and significant effect on GDP

Effect Of Unemployment, Poverty and Stunting On The Human Development Index In North Sumatera

Putri Pintauli Simbolon, M. Syafii — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of Unemployment, Poverty and Stunting, both partially and simultaneously, on the Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sumatra. The type of research used is the Quantitative Method, which is an approach based on the results of econometric and statistical estimates. The population used in this study was 33 Regencies and Cities in North Sumatra in 2014-2023. The data used in this study are secondary data with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies obtained from Journals, Scientific Articles, Publications from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kementerian Kesehatan (KEMENKES), and other credible sources relevant to the researcher. The results obtained from this study are that Poverty and Stunting have a negative and significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sumatra in 2014-2023. The poverty variable has a negative but not significant effect.

Analysis Of Fiscal Decentralization, Economic Openness Towards Inequality Income in Indonesia

Rati Juniarti Panggabean, Paidi Hidayat — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression, covering 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period 2016–2023. The data were obtained from the Statistic Indonesia and the Ministry of Finance. Model selection was conducted through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test, which indicated that the random effect model was the most appropriate for this study. The results show that economic openness and the human development index have a negative and significant effect on regional inequality. This indicates that greater engagement in international trade and improvements in human capital quality can reduce inequality across regions. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization and the democracy index do not have a significant effect, suggesting the need to evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal and institutional policies at the regional level. This research highlights the importance of focusing development strategies on enhancing human capital and equitable access to economic opportunities to reduce interregional disparities in Indonesia.

The Effect of Inflation, Economic Freedom, and Exports on Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries: An ARDL Panel Analysis

Tsabitha Dwitanahda, Raina Linda Sari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of inflation, economic freedom, and export variables on economic growth in ASEAN countries in the period 1999-2023. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data-based Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. Data processing is done using Eviews 12 software in the time span of 1999 to 2023. The research data sources came from the official websites of the World Bank and Heritage Foundation. The results showed that the inflation variable in the long term has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while in the short term in the current period and in one and two previous periods inflation has a positive and significant effect, while in the previous three periods, it has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth. Economic freedom variables in the long term have a negative and significant effect on economic growth, while in the short term the current period and in the previous two periods have a positive and significant effect, while in the previous one and three periods economic freedom has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. The export variable in the long term has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while in the short term in one and three previous periods it has a negative and insignificant effect, and in two previous periods it has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth.

The Influence Of The Regional Income and Expenditure Budget (APBD), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and The Human Development Index (HDI) On Foreign Investment In 5 Provinces Of The Northern Sumatera Region

Salsabila Nadifah Lubis, Coki Ahmad Syahwier — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study has three independent variables used, namely the regional income and expenditure budget (APBD), gross regional domestic product (GRDP), and the human development index (HDI). This study uses a type of Quantitative research with the Regression Panel Data method with a research time period of 2017 to 2021. The data used was obtained from the official website of the Ministry of Finance for Regional Budget data, the data used was obtained from the official website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for Gross Regional Domestic Product data, the Human Development Index, and for data obtained from the official website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The results showed a simultaneous effect on Foreign Direct Investment in the 5 provinces of the northern Sumatra region. APBD GRDP variables, and HDI used can explain Foreign Direct Investment by 0.560338 or 56.03%. While the remaining 44.97% is explained by other factors.

The Effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves and Credit Default Swap on Exchange Rate in Indonesia

Anggiat Doly Simanjuntak, Syarief Fauzie — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine how the effect of foreign exchange reserves and credit default swap (CDS) on exchange rate in Indonesia. The exchange rate is the dependent variable in this study. Foreign exchange reserves and CDS are the independent variables in this study. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative with the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression method. The data used is secondary data. The data used in this study are time series data in the form of foreign exchange reserves data represented by Bank Indonesia’s International Reserve (IRFCL) every month 2015-2023, Indonesia’s 5 Years credit default swap data every month 2015-2023, and rupiah exchange rate data against the US dollar every month 2015-2023. The results showed that the independent variable of foreign exchange reserves in the long term has no effect on the dependent variable of the exchange rate. Furthermore, it is obtained that variable CDS in the long term have a significant positive effect on the dependent variable of the exchange rate. And in the short term the independent variable of foreign exchange reserve and CDS has no effect on the dependent variable of the exchange rate.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Carbon Emission on Economic Development in Indonesia with Renewable Energy Consumption as a Moderating Variable

Fidria Farzana Siregar, Ramli — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia's economic development faces the challenge of achieving sustainability amid global integration. Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in driving development, but is often accompanied by increased carbon emissions that have a negative impact on the environment. Renewable energy consumption can be a solution to reduce these impacts and support sustainable economic development.The purpose of this study is to see the effect between Foreign Direct Investment and Carbon Emissions on Economic Development in Indonesia with Renewable Energy Consumption, whether it can moderate the relationship between these influences with a time span of 1990 - 2021. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative, which is a descriptive approach with a quantitative approach. The data used is secondary data, this research is time series data research using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) methods assisted by IBM SPSS Statistic 26 software. The results of this study indicate that foreign direct investment and carbon emission has a positive and significant effect on economic development in Indonesia, foreign direct investment and carbon emissions simultaneously affect economic development in Indonesia, renewable energy consumption can moderate by weakening the influence between foreign direct investment and economic development in Indonesia, and renewable energy consumption can moderate by weakening the influence between carbon emissions and economic development in Indonesia

The Influence of Economic Factors on Economic Growth in the Province of Sumatera Island

Novita Sari Situngkir, Murbanto Sinaga — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Economic Growth reflects the abilty of a country or region to improve the standard of living of its citizens through increased output of goods and services Based on existing theories and several studies that have been conducted, economic growth, especially in the province of Sumatra Island, is generally related to several factors such as plantations, investment, and inflation. This study aims to test and analyze the effect of plantations, investment, and inflation on economic growth in the province of Sumatra Island in 2014-2023. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative while the data source used in this research is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The object of this research is the province on the island of Sumatra. This study uses panel data with a cross section of 10 Sumatra island provinces and a 10-year time series, starting from 2014 to 2023. The analysis method used is panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that the best model is the Fixed Effect. Based on the regression results, it is known that partially the independent plantation variable and the investment variable have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. While the inflation variable has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. Similarly, the independent variables of plantations, investment, and inflation have a significant influence on economic growth in the province of Sumatra Island with a Prob (F-static) value of 0.00000 <0.05.

The Influence of the Agricultural Sector and the Industrial Sector on Economic Growth in Deli Serdang Regency

Hairani, Syech Suhaimi — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of the agricultural sector and the industrial sector on economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency. The type of research used in this study is quantitative descriptive while the data source used in this study is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The objects of this study are the agricultural sector and the industrial sector in Deli Serdang Regency. This study uses panel data with cross section 2 and time series for 30 years, starting from 1994 to 2023. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the agricultural sector has a positive but not significant effect on economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency. the industrial sector has a positive effect on economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency. The agricultural sector and the industrial sector together (simultaneously) have a positive effect on economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency.

Development Tourism Based of Coffe as a Strategy for Improving the Local Economy in North Sumatera Province Overview: Potential and Constrain

Udut Sekata Cibro, Monika Andrasari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

North Sumatra has great potential in developing coffee-based tourism, considering the wealth of natural, cultural and historical resources related to coffee. The development of coffee-based tourism has become a potential strategy to encourage local economic development, especially in North Sumatra Province. This research aims to analyze the potential, obstacles and strategies for developing coffee-based tourism as an effort to empower the local economy in the region. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was obtained through in depth interviews, questionnaires and documentation involving coffee business actors, coffee farmers and local governments. Analysis was carried out using the SWOT method to identify strategic positions and optimal development steps. The research results show that North Sumatra has main strengths in the form of superior coffee quality and interesting local cultural heritage, as well as opportunities in the form of increasing tourist interest in experience-based tourism and government policy support. However, this research also identified obstacles such as lack of infrastructure, limited promotion, and low public awareness of the potential of coffee tourism. Based on the SWOT analysis, the recommended strategy is to strengthen collaboration between the government, farmers and tourism actors to improve promotion, infrastructure and diversification of coffee-based tourism products.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Poverty In The Nias Islands

Accep Putera Franskinly Zendrato, Sukma Hayati Hakim — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of education level, unemployment rate, gross regional domestic product (GRDP), and population on poverty in five regions in Nias Islands, namely West Nias, North Nias, South Nias, Nias, and Gunungsitoli. The type of research used is a quantitative causality approach. This research data is panel data which is a combination of cross-section and time series. Cross section data is the 5 regions with the highest percentage of poor people in North Sumatra Province, and the time series is 2014-2023. The research data collection was carried out using secondary data published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS), (BPS) of North Sumatra Province. The results showed that simultaneously the independent variables of Education Level, Unemployment Rate, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and Total Population had a significant effect on the Poverty Level in 5 regions in the Nias Islands in the 2014-2023 period. Partially, it is known that the Education Level variable has a positive but insignificant effect on the Poverty Level. The Unemployment Rate variable has a positive and significant effect on the Poverty Level. The GRDP variable has a negative and significant effect on the Poverty Level. Meanwhile, the Total Population variable has a negative but insignificant effect on the Poverty Level.

Analysis of the Effect of Third Party Funds, Mudharabah Financing, and Capital Adequacy Ratio on the Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia

Affifah Hazim Asnan Dalimunthe, Irsad — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of Third Party Funds (DPK), mudharabah Financing, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Profitability is an important indicator to assess the financial performance of Islamic banking in carrying out the intermediary function efficiently and in accordance with sharia principles.The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with secondary data type. The data used in this research is time series data in the form of Islamic banking statistical reports from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the period 2016 to 2023 based on quarterly data. The data analysis technique used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) which aims to determine the short-term relationship and uses a cointegration test to see indications of a long-term relationship. The data was processed using the Eviews 12 application. The results showed that in the long term, mudharabah Financing and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) variables have a positive and significant effect on ROA, while Third Party Funds (DPK) have no significant effect. In the short term, DPK at the 3rd lag has a negative and significant effect on ROA, while the financing and CAR variables do not show a significant effect. In addition, ROA is significantly influenced by itself at the 1st and 3rd lags, which indicates the existence of an autoregressive effect in the short term. The Granger causality test results also found a one-way causal relationship from CAR to ROA.

The Effect of Poverty, Education, and Unemployment on Income Disparity in ASEAN

Gray Nori Turnip, Raina Linda Sari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Income disparity is a condition in which the income received by the community is not evenly distributed so that it will trigger other problems if not handled as soon as possible, such as poverty and social jealousy between communities that have the potential to create criminal acts. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect income disparity in ASEAN in 1994 - 2023. The data used in this study used secondary data with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies obtained from scientific articles, journals, publications from official websites such as World Bank Data, World Inequality Database, and United Nations Development Programme, as well as other credible sources relevant to the research. The results obtained are that poverty and education variables have a negative and significant effect on income disparity in ASEAN in 1994-2023. The unemployment variable has a positive but insignificant effect.

The Effect Of Inflation, FDI, Exchange Rate, and Governance Quality on GDP in Five ASEAN Countries

Nurhidayah Arivin, Wahyu Ario Pratomo — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of inflation, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), exchange rate, political stability, rule of law, and control of corruption on national income in five ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2023. In this research, panel data is used to examine the impact of these variables on GDP in the five ASEAN countries. The analytical method employed is panel regression with a Fixed Effects Model (FEM) approach. The data used are sourced from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank. The results show that inflation has a negative effect on GDP, while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the exchange rate have a positive effect on GDP in ASEAN countries. However, political stability and rule of law do not have a significant effect on GDP. Meanwhile, control of corruption has a negative effect on GDP.

The Impact of the Revitalization of the Kesawan Old Town Area in Medan on the Sales Turnover and the Welfare of MSME Actors

Audry Calista Alicia Simamora, Walad Altsani HR — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the impact of the revitalization of the Kesawan Old Town area in Medan on the sales turnover and the welfare of MSME actors. The type of research used is comparative method with quantitative approach and descriptive analysis with qualitative approach. The population used in this study were MSME actors in the Livelihood Activities and Micro Enterprise culinary groups in the Kesawan Old Town area in Medan. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, documentation, and also distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach and used 50 respondents as a sample of the study. Data analysis was carried out using non-parametric statistical analysis, namely the wilcoxon signed ranks test with the help of the SPSS program. The results showed that there were differences in sales turnover and welfare before and after the revitalization of the area, in terms of increase. Overall, MSME actors expressed satisfaction with the condition of the area after revitalization, which has become nicer, tidier, cleaner, has a better arrangement, and presents many interesting photo spots. The increase in turnover is due to the increasing number of visitors, especially during Saturday night, Car Free Day, religious holiday celebrations, and government promotions on social media. In terms of welfare, MSME actors felt significant changes, including comfort and tranquility in business activities because the area became cleaner, brighter, and there was no flooding, some MSME actors experienced an increase in income, an increase in business assets, and an increase in personal assets obtained from selling in the Kesawan Old Town area in Medan after the revitalization of the area.

Empowering Sustainable Small Business in North Sumatra Through Digitalization and Fashion Textile Waste Recycling

Yolanda Sitorus, Saqilla Kurniawan, Amelia Dongoran — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of Indonesia's economy, contributing over 60% to the national GDP and employing approximately 97% of the workforce. In North Sumatra, particularly in Medan and Deli Serdang, MSMEs play a vital role in supporting local economic resilience. However, challenges arise due to low digital literacy levels and increasing environmental concerns, especially regarding textile waste. This study explores empowerment strategies for MSMEs by integrating digitalization and sustainable practices such as fashion textile waste recycling. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through digital content analysis, the research reveals that combining digital platform utilization with circular economy principles creates significant opportunities for MSME development. The study concludes that a holistic strategy involving digital training,sustainability innovation, and strong stakeholder collaboration is essential for empowering MSMEs in North Sumatra, thereby contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 12, and 13.

Aroma Guard: A Sustainable, Locally-Rooted Innovation for Perfume Longevity in Indonesia

Dian Permana, Oris Adryan Syahputra, Chintia Bj, Muhammad Maya Putra — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia's tropical climate poses significant challenges for the cosmetics industry, especially when it comes to perfumes. The high temperatures and humidity in the region accelerate the evaporation of fragrance molecules, leading to a quick fading of scents and the need for frequent reapplications, particularly among active individuals such as university students, field workers, and young consumers. While many cosmetics available in Indonesia are formulated for subtropical climates, they often fail to meet the needs of tropical skin, creating a gap in the market, especially with the growing demand for sustainable and natural products. To address this, a team of students from Universitas Al Azhar Medan developed Aroma Guard, a product designed to extend the longevity of perfumes on tropical skin. Aroma Guard is a skin moisturizer in the form of an occlusive cream, featuring local ingredients like beeswax, shea butter, aloe vera, and essential oils such as lemongrass and ylang-ylang. Beeswax forms a protective layer on the skin, slowing the evaporation of fragrance, shea butter acts as a moisturizer, enhances scent longevity, and soothes the skin, while aloe vera provides hydration and soothing benefits, and the essential oils contribute both scent and therapeutic properties. Developed using a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) approach, the product underwent rapid prototyping and incorporated consumer feedback. Early tests indicated strong approval from Gen Z and millennial consumers, particularly due to its eco-friendliness and local identity. Additionally, Aroma Guard supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting local economic growth, fostering innovation, and ensuring sustainable production. In catering to the specific needs of tropical climates, Aroma Guard offers a functional, locally-sourced solution within the cosmetics market and exemplifies how student-led innovations can contribute to both local economic growth and global sustainability in the beauty industry

Asean Youth And Business Innovation: Start-up Development by Through It to Make Sustainable Modern Economic Development

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This paper investigates the crossing point of Information Technology (IT) and youth enterprise within the setting of the present-day financial scene of ASEAN countries, with a specific center on the arrangement with the Joined together Countries Feasible Improvement Objectives (SDGs). The fast progression of Information Technology (IT) has ended up a catalyst for entrepreneurial success, enabling youthful trend-setters to form multifunction, technology-driven arrangements that contribute to financial versatility. Information Technology (IT) serves as an effective enabler, permitting youthful business people to create adaptable, economical trade arrangements that contribute to advanced financial advancement. This paper looks at the part of ASEAN youth in leveraging IT to cultivate trade development, make work openings, and bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This investigates the part of advanced stages, e-commerce, fintech, and AI in engaging youthful business visionaries to create competitive and multifunction businesses. Despite the endless potential of youth-led advanced undertakings, challenges such as administrative boundaries, advanced expertise holes, subsidizing restrictions, and cybersecurity dangers hold on, preventing the complete realization of ASEAN's entrepreneurial potential. By analyzing fruitful start-ups and territorial case considers, this ponder highlights the basic part of advancement center points, wander capital, and government back in sustaining a flourishing start- up environment. The study recognizes the key drivers of IT-based start-up success, including instruction, get to innovation, and key organizations. Employing a subjective approach through writing investigation and case considers, the comes about appear that approach back, access to financing, and collaboration between government, the scholarly community, and industry are key components within the victory of start-ups.

Regional Analysis Of Income Distribution Inequality In Indonesia

Nely Desiliyani Hutabarat, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the differences in the performance of per capita GRDP and inequality across 34 provinces before and after COVID-19, and to examine the influence of per capita income, education, and unemployment on income distribution inequality in Indonesia during the 2015–2024 period. The variables used are income inequality (Gini Ratio), per capita income (Log PDRB per capita), education (average years of schooling), and unemployment (open unemployment rate). This research is quantitative and uses secondary panel data, combining cross-section data for 34 provinces with time series from 2015 to 2024. The analysis techniques include panel data regression, supported by Eviews 12, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) for quadrant mapping. The results indicate that per capita income has a negative and significant effect on income distribution inequality, while education also has a negative and significant effect. Conversely, the unemployment rate does not show a statistically significant effect. The IPA quadrant analysis reveals shifts in provincial positions pre- and post-COVID-19, reflecting the regional dynamics of inequality and economic performance, with some provinces like Central Sulawesi successfully achieving the "Ideal Inclusive Growth" quadrant.Keywords: Economic Growth; Investment; Urbanisation; Employment Opportunity.

Analysis of Determinants of Regional Disparities in Domestic Investment Absorption in Sumatra Island

Aprilia Sitompul, Arif Rahman — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Domestic Investment is one of the strategic factors in promoting regional economic growth. However, disparities in investment absorption across Sumatra Island reveal significant gaps between provinces. Provinces with better infrastructure, higher labor productivity, and stronger regional competitiveness tend to attract more investors, while other provinces lag behind in investment realization. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the disparity in Domestic Investment absorption across ten provinces in Sumatra Island during the period 2019–2023. The methods used include quadrant analysis to map the position of each province based on investment performance and panel regression using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to examine the influence of Regional Minimum Wage, National Road Conditions, Regional Competitiveness Index, and Labor Productivity on Domestic Investment. The quadrant analysis results show that Riau Province consistently occupies a superior position, while provinces such as Bengkulu and West Sumatra tend to lag in investment absorption. The panel regression results indicate that UMR has a positive and significant effect on Domestic Investment. National Road Conditions and Labor Productivity have positive but statistically insignificant effects, while the Regional Competitiveness Index has a negative and insignificant effect. These findings suggest that only Regional Minimum Wage plays a significant role in driving domestic investment, while the other variables have not yet made a substantial contribution to reducing investment disparities in Sumatra.

Analysis of Efficiency in Sharia Life Insurance in Indonesia Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method

Arsya Alfira, Wahyu Sugeng Imam Soeparno, S.E., M.Si. — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the efficiency level of Sharia life insurance and examine the influence of input and output variables on the growth rate of Sharia life insurance. The input variables consist of operating expenses, Tabarru’ funds, and total assets, while the output variable consists of business income. The study uses secondary data derived from the financial reports of Sharia life insurance companies during the 2018-2023 period. The objects in this research include five Sharia life insurance companies. To assess the efficiency level, the study employs the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, utilizing two model approaches: Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS). The results indicate that out of the five Sharia life insurance companies, only PT. Capital Life Syariah stands out, as it achieved a 100% efficiency level during the six-year period under both the CRS and VRS models.

Strategies To Improve the Competitiveness Of Coffee Export Products In The Global Market

Muhammad Fadhlan Azka Siregar, Murbanto Sinaga — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Coffee is one of Indonesia's main commodities with the highest export value, playing a significant role in the country's foreign exchange earnings. However, the challenge faced is how Indonesia maintains the development of coffee exports amid increasing competition from other exporting countries. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the global market, identify internal and external factors, and formulate strategies to improve the competitiveness of coffee export products. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data analysis using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) for the period 2013-2022 and Porter's Diamond analysis for competitive advantage. Export improvement strategies were analyzed using the SWOT method. The results showed that Indonesian coffee has a strong comparative advantage in the global market. Porter's Diamond analysis indicated a competitive advantage by considering internal and external factors. The recommended strategy focuses on the technical and cultivation aspects of coffee commodity development, as well as optimizing the role of supporting institutions.

Analysis of The Influence of The Agricultural Sector, Manufacturing Sector, Transportation Sector, and Trade Sector on The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of North Sumatra Province

Claudio Daniel Rivaldo Manik, Syaad Afifuddin Sembiring — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

North Sumatra Province has a significant Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and contributes considerably to national income; however, it still lags behind other provinces. The GRDP from the agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, transportation sector, and trade sector are some of the leading sectors that support the economy of North Sumatra Province. Although these three sectors play a strategic role, their development and contributions show different dynamics. The contributions from each sector exhibit significant variations across various districts/cities in North Sumatra. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of the agricultural sector, manufacturing industry sector, transportation sector, and trade sector on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of North Sumatra Province. The research utilizes panel data consisting of 33 districts/cities in North Sumatra with 165 observations. The results of the panel data testing using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) indicate that, partially, the agricultural sector has a positive influence on GRDP, the manufacturing sector influences GRDP, the transportation sector influences GRDP, and the trade sector influences GRDP. Simultaneously, the agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, transportation sector, and trade sector have an influence on GRDP.

The Influence of Land Transportation Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Medan City

Aby Sakaria Putra Keliat, Coki Ahmad Syahwier — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to evaluate the effect of land transportation infrastructure and the number of motor vehicles on the Economic Growth of Medan City during the period 1993-2022. The method of analysis in this study is using multiple linear regression method with the help of Eviews 12 software, this study analyzes secondary data obtained from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) of North Sumatra Province and Medan City. The results of the analysis show that land transportation infrastructure and the number of motorized vehicles have an insignificant effect on the growth of Medan City. Classical assumption testing was conducted to ensure the validity of the model, including tests of normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. Data transformation was used to qualify the normality test.

The Relationship of Venture Capital, Creativity, and Business Location to the Success of MSMEs in Medan City

Khairunnisa, Walad Altsani HR — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The MSME sector (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is now a strategic sector in driving economic growth, job creation, and poverty alleviation. The nature of MSMEs is flexible and supported by various social groups, both from the lower and middle classes, and small, micro and medium business actors who can easily participate in it. This study aims to determine the relationship of business capital, creativity, and business location to the success of MSMEs in Medan City. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The population used in this study are MSME players engaged in the culinary sector. The research method used is quantitative method and the data collection technique uses a survey method with a questionnaire. The sampling technique in this study used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach using 42 respondents as a sample of the study. The results showed that the variables of Business Capital and Business Location had a positive and significant effect on Business Success while the Creativity variable showed an insignificant positive relationship with Business Success.

Analysis of Economic Structure Transformation Based on Economic Sectors and Labor Absorption in North Sumatera Province

Melfry Amelia, Prof.Dr.lil.rer.reg. Sirojuzilam Hasyim, SE — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Economic growth has resulted in changes in the economic structure. Structural transformation is the process of changing the economic structure from the primary sector to the secondary or tertiary sectors, as seen in North Sumatra Province. The change in structure or economic transformation from traditional to modern can generally be seen as a change related to the composition of shifts in labor absorption and contributions to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of a region. The objective of this study is to analyze changes in economic structure and alignment in labor absorption in North Sumatra Province during the period 2017- 2022. Quantitative methods are used with the analytical techniques of Location Quotient, Chenery-Syrquin Index, and Shift Share. Economic sector and labor data were obtained from various official sources. The results show significant changes in regional economic structure during the period 201-2022, with certain sectors experiencing faster growth than others. Location Quotient analysis identifies the base sectors, while the Chenery-Syrquin Index provides a deep understanding of the growth and relative changes in economic sectors. Furthermore, Shift Share analysis reveals the contribution of each factor in the change in labor absorption. This study provides important insights for regional economic planning and the development of economic policies in North Sumatra Province.

Policy Analysis of Community Empowerment for Poverty Alleviation in Batu Bara Regency

Muhammad Nur Fadly Akbar, Irsad — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the poverty conditions of beneficiary families before and after receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH), identify the types of assistance provided through PKH, and examine the driving and inhibiting factors of PKH implementation in Batu Bara Regency. This research employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) using primary data obtained through field research and interviews with PKH beneficiaries. Data analysis was conducted using the Paired T-test with the assistance of SPSS software. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling with a total population of 100 people from 4 districts in Batu Bara Regency. The results show that the poverty conditions of PKH beneficiary families have a significant impact on poverty alleviation efforts, with a significance value of 0.001 (< 0.005). The form of assistance in the PKH program in Batu Bara Regency is direct cash assistance. The driving factor for PKH's success in Batu Bara Regency is the government's commitment to providing direct assistance to underprivileged families. However, the inhibiting factors include the lack of community participation in the program and the low level of public literacy.

Green Economy Implementation in Medan: Policy Analysis and Challenges Towards Sustainable Development

Airin Zhafirwan, Nazla Asyifa Luthfiah, Herlan Maulana Situmeang — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The implementation of green economy in Medan City is part of the effort to realize sustainable development, especially as the economic center of North Sumatra. However, the city faces challenges in managing natural resources efficiently and environmentally friendly. This study aims to assess the impact of green economy implementation on environmental and economic aspects, and identify the challenges faced. Using a qualitative approach with secondary data, this study found that the implementation of the green economy has brought positive impacts such as energy efficiency, waste management, and increased environmental awareness. However, challenges such as the absence of incentive regulations for businesses and the limited adoption of green technology in the industrial sector remain. Implementation that has not been integrated across all sectors also hinders the achievement of sustainable development. Therefore, collaboration between the government, private sector, and the community needs to be improved to formulate more effective and integrated policies. Human resource capacity building and public education on green economy are also important to strengthen policy implementation. Overall, despite the barriers, the green economy in Medan has great potential to drive sustainable growth if supported by all relevant parties.

Globalizing Surabaya’s Thematic Villages: A Digital Approach to Cultural Diplomacy and Creative Economy

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Surabaya's thematic villages hold significant potential as sustainable tourism destinations and centers for creative economic activities. However, limited exposure and marketing have hindered their growth. Many local artisans struggle to reach broader markets, restricting economic opportunities within these communities. Developing a website serves as a strategic solution to promote thematic villages and facilitate the sale of locally crafted products. Leveraging digital platforms enhances the visibility of Surabaya’s cultural heritage while fostering economic sustainability. Integrating creative economy principles into tourism development aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in promoting inclusive economic growth and innovation. Showcasing Surabaya’s local identity to a global audience strengthens cultural diplomacy and encourages international collaboration in sustainable tourism. This study employs a systematic literature review to analyze various academic journals, books, and publications related to the topic, forming a comprehensive conceptual framework. Based on the findings, the research implements an agile software development approach to construct a website that effectively showcases Surabaya’s thematic villages. Agile methodology is chosen for its flexibility in structuring software features, allowing iterative improvements to align with user needs. Additionally, the study measures the website's effectiveness through a one-group pre-test and post-test design as experimental study to evaluate its impact on user engagement and accessibility. As such, we seek to develop a medium in which these cultural wonders of ours will be able to bloom. A well-designed website that will serve as a bridge for visitors, introducing them to Surabaya’s magnificent and culturally rich thematic villages in a detailed yet informative manner that will ensure fitting first impressions. Locations of each thematic village will certainly be provided as well as what each of them may offer to the visitors of the website, in order to provide a complete and easy experience in navigation. In conclusion, the development of this website significantly enhances the visibility of Surabaya’s thematic villages, broadens market access for local artisans, and supports sustainable tourism. Utilizing agile methodology allows for a dynamic and adaptive platform tailored to the evolving needs of both communities and visitors. Beyond functioning as a promotional tool, the website plays a crucial role in cultural diplomacy and tourism innovation based on local wisdom. Align with sustainable development principles.

Digital Transformation of MSMEs in North Sumatra: Building an E-Commerce Platform to Enhance Competitiveness and Market Reach

Mei Edis Siahaan, Ririn Nababan — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) contribute significantly to Indonesia's economy but still face numerous challenges in adopting digital technologies, particularly in North Sumatra. These include low digital literacy, limited access to technology, and lack of tailored platforms. This paper introduces "LokaMart", a local e-commerce platform designed to empower MSMEs in North Sumatra through a community-based ecosystem. Using a descriptive qualitative method and user-centered design, this research outlines the planning and prototyping of LokaMart, evaluates its features such as real-time tracking and user-friendly interface, and discusses its potential in increasing digital inclusion and competitiveness. The findings reveal that platforms like LokaMart are essential in building a more inclusive, competitive, and sustainable digital economy for local MSMEs.

Perception Analysis of Extortion, Service Quality, and Sustainable Tourism Information and Education on the Level of Tourist Visit Satisfaction at Bukit Gundaling Berastagi

Gio Tara Risky Sinaga, Nita Anggraini, Dwi Agustina, Monika Andrasari — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze tourists' perceptions of extortion, service quality, and sustainable tourism information and education, and how these three factors influence the level of satisfaction of visits to Bukit Gundaling, Brastagi. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires and observations, involving 68 respondents. The results of the SWOT analysis show that despite the strengths in service quality and cultural appeal, the practice of extortion and lack of sustainability education remain major obstacles. The research location is in Quadrant I in the SWOT matrix, indicating very strategic conditions for implementing an aggressive growth strategy. This study recommends strengthening tourism education programs, transparent handling of levies, and closer collaboration between managers, communities, and local governments.

Future Education: Educational Transformation in the Society 5.0 Era to Prepare Generation Alpha and Beta with Meaningful Life Skills

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Technological advances in artificial intelligence and automation require individuals to have skills beyond academic abilities. Thus, in the Society 5.0 era, educational transformation is urgently needed to prepare the alpha and beta generations to face the challenges of increasingly complex changes. Referring to these problems, the study aims to identify and analyze educational transformations appropriate for equipping the alpha and beta generations with meaningful life skills. This study used the Systematic Literature Review method according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) stages. Data were collected from research results published in scientific journals accredited by Sinta or indexed by Scopus and Web of Science. Data was collected using the help of the Google search engine from trusted journal portals (ScienceDirect, NCBI, and Publon). Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The study results indicate that the education system must shift to a more flexible and real-experience-based approach. In addition, the integration of AI technology and adaptive learning needs to be done to increase the effectiveness of education in forming individuals who are ready to face the dynamic world of work. Furthermore, education in the Society 5.0 era no longer focuses on preparing students as job seekers but on becoming job creators. Sustainability is also an important part of the modern curriculum. Namely, education must instill environmental awareness and sustainability through the application of the eco-literacy concept. The adoption of innovative learning models makes Generation Alpha and Beta have skills that are relevant and adaptive to change. This educational transformation is expected to create individuals who are not only academically superior but also able to make fundamental contributions to sustainable development.

The Effect of Human Development Index, Income Inequality And Percentage of Poor Population On Poverty Gap Index In 10 Sumatran Provinces

Hazraini Pasaribu, Murbanto Sinaga — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of the human development index, income inequality, and the percentage of poor people on the poverty depth index in 10 provinces on the island of Sumatra. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative while the data source used in this research is secondary data from BPS. The object of this research is 10 provinces of Sumatra Island. This study uses panel data with a cross section of 10 provinces on the island of Sumatra and a time series for 6 years, starting from 2018 to 2023. The data analysis technique in this study uses the Regression Panel method with testing using Eviews 12. The results showed that the best model was Random Effect. Based on the regression results, it is known that partially the independent variable percentage of poor people has a positive and significant effect on the poverty depth index. Meanwhile, the human development index and income inequality variables have no influence on the poverty depth index. Simultaneously, the independent variables, namely the human development index, income inequality, and the percentage of poor people have a significant influence on the poverty depth index in the 10 provinces of Sumatra island with a Prob (F-statistic) value of 0.00000 <0.05.

Analysis Of Macroeconomic Influences On The Islamic Stock Index In 11 OIC Countries For The Period 2014-2023

M. Syafii, Sabyla Aulia Putri — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of inflation, economic growth and interest rates on the Islamic stock index in 11 OIC countries in 2014-2023. The type of research used in this study is descriptive quantitative while the data source used in this study is secondary data derived from the World Bank. The object of this research is 11 OIC countries. This study uses panel data with a cross section of 11 OIC countries and a time series for 10 years, starting from 2014 to 2023. The analysis method used is panel regression. The results of this study indicate that the best model is Fixed Effect. Based on the regression results, it is known that partially the independent variable interest rate has a negative and significant effect on the Islamic Stock Index. While the variables of inflation and economic growth have no influence on the Islamic stock index. Simultaneously, the independent variables, namely inflation, economic growth and interest rates, have a significant influence on the Islamic stock index in 11 OIC countries with a Prob (F-statistic) value of 0.00000 <0.05.

The Influence of Income, Cigarette Price and Dependency Ratio on Cigarette Consumption in Indonesia

Rangga Aditya , Wahyu Sugeng Imam Soeparno — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research is motivated by the high level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia, which negatively impacts the economy and public health. The study aims to examine the influence of income, cigarette prices, and dependency ratio on cigarette consumption in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data covering the period 2019-2023 for 34 provinces in Indonesia.. The Random Effect Model (REM) was employed to analyze the influence of income, cigarette prices, and dependency ratio variables. The data were analyzed using Eviews 12.The findings indicate that income, cigarette prices, and dependency ratio simultaneously have a significant effect on cigarette consumption in Indonesia. The income and dependency ratio variables negatively but insignificantly affect cigarette consumption, whereas cigarette prices positively and significantly influence it. This study concludes that cigarette consumption in Indonesia is influenced by economic and social factors, necessitating comprehensive policy strategies and education to reduce cigarette consumption in the country.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Bank Lending Policy

Rosanna Mei Kosta Ritonga, Haroni Doli Hamoraon, SE. M.Si — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of Third Party Funds, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, and BI Rate on Banking Credit Distribution. This study uses secondary data. The Research Objects in this study are 10 commercial banks in Indonesia with research years ranging from 2018-2022 and the research method used is the panel data analysis method with a total of 10 commercial banks in Indonesia. The research method used is the panel data analysis method with a total of 50 data. Hypothesis testing is done using the coefficient of determination (R2) test, Simultaneous Significance Test (F test), and Partial Test (t test). The results of this study indicate that simultaneously, Third Party Funds, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, BI Rate have a significant effect on bank lending. Partially, Third Party Funds has a positive and significant effect on bank lending, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a negative and significant effect on Banking Lending. Non Performing Loan (NPL) has a negative and significant effect to Banking Lending, BI Rate has a positive and significant effect on Banking Lending. The value of the Coefficient of Determination (R2) in This study amounted to 92.52%, and the remaining 7.48% was the influence of other factors not examined in this study.

The Relationship Between Literacy, Perception, and Islamic Economics Financial Inclusion Towards Shariah Finance Choices Among The Youth In Medan City

Rivaldy Nafiis, Haroni Doli Hamoraon — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This Study aims to explore the relationship between financial literacy, perception, and the financial inclusion of Islamic economics on the choice of Islamic finance among the youth in Medan City. Primary data was collected through questioannaires administered to respondents, with the polulation consisting of young individuals in Medan City within a defined age range. A sample of 100 resdpondents was surveyed. This study employs deskriptive analysis methods to indentify and describe the data. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) to examine the the factors influencing the choice of Islamic finance. This research adopts a quantitative approach, analyzing the data statistically. The findings indicate that financial literacy does not have a significant positive relationship with the selection of Islamic finance. However, in contrast, both the perception of and financial inclusion in Islamic economics demonstrate a positive and statistically significant influence on the choice of Islamic finance among the youth in Medan City.

The Contribution of Digitalization, Road Infrastructure, and Fiscal Allocation in Enhancing The Output of Micro and Small Industries : A Perspective from Sumatera

Sebastian Pangaribuan, Inggrita Gusti Sari Nasution — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Micro and Small Industry (IMK) play a strategic role in Indonesia's economy, particularly in providing employment and driving regional economic growth. However, their contribution to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Sumatera remains relatively low, with a much smaller output proportion compared to medium-sized enterprises. The role of society as human resources and the government as policymakers is crucial in enhancing IMK productivity through aspects such as digitalization, infrastructure development, and fiscal allocation. Digitalization improves production efficiency and market expansion, while road infrastructure influences the mobility of production factors, and fiscal allocation aims to support sectoral development, though its effectiveness needs further evaluation. Thus, this study aims to assess the contribution of digitalization, road infrastructure, and fiscal allocation in increasing the output of Micro and Small Industries across 10 provinces in Sumatera from 2017 to 2023. This study employs a quantitative research approach using secondary data published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR), and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK). The digitalization aspect is proxied by the ICT Access & Infrastructure Index (IAI) and the ICT Usage Index (IP). The road infrastructure aspect is represented by the Total Road Length (TPJ) and the Road Quality Length (PKJ). Meanwhile, fiscal allocation is proxied by the Special Allocation Fund for Cooperatives and MSME Capacity Building (DAK). The analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression, with the Random Effect Model (REM) as the selected model. The results show that, partially, the variables IAI, IP, and TPJ have a positive effect on IMK output, while PKJ and DAK have a negative effect. Simultaneously, all variables have a positive and significant impact on IMK output across 10 provinces in Sumatera from 2017 to 2023.