Model Penanggulangan Bencana Berbasis Sinergi Modal Sosial Dan Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Di Kabupaten Konawe Sultra:

Disaster Management Model Based on Social Capital Synergy and Values of Local Wisdom in Konawe Sultra Regency

Abstract

Abstract
Disaster management strategies that occur in each region, position the role and function of the Regional Disaster Management Agency as the institution most responsible for the provision of facilities and distribution of resources needed both before the occurrence of disasters and post-disaster. In fact, disaster management through government policies is generally not optimal, so other approaches are needed, such as the synergy approach of social capital and local wisdom values. The study was conducted in Konawe District with the aim of: 1) examining the problem of disaster management in the perspective of local government policy, 2) reviewing alternative models of disaster management based on synergy of social capital and local wisdom values. This study used a qualitative approach to the design of case studies in three villages that had experienced disasters. Data was collected using interviews, observations, and document studies. Research informants included district government officials, sub-district heads, village heads, community leaders, and community members. Data analysis using interactive qualitative analysis methods. The results of the research show that: 1) Problems in disaster management through government policy are not optimal stages of rescue and evacuation, fulfillment of basic needs, and recovery of public infrastructure and facilities; 2) The model of disaster management based on synergy of social capital and local wisdom values focuses on strengthening elements of social capital such as mutual trust, reciprocity, social norms, and social networking both during disasters and post-disaster with the support of local wisdom values sourced from social institutions from generations.

Strategi penanggulangan bencana yang terjadi di setiap daerah, memposisikan peran dan fungsi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah sebagai institusi yang paling bertanggungjawab dalam penyediaan fasilitas dan distribusi sumber daya yang diperlukan baik sebelum terjadinya bencana maupun pasca bencana. Faktanya, manajemen penanggulangan bencana melalui kebijakan pemerintah pada umumnya belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan lain seperti pendekatan sinergi modal sosial dan nilainilai kearifan lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Konawe bertujuan: 1) mengkaji problematika manajemen penanggulangan bencana dalam perspektif kebijakan pemerintah daerah, 2) mengkaji alternatif model penanggulangan bencana berbasis sinergi modal sosial dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada tiga desa yang pernah mengalami bencana. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi dokumen. Informan penelitian mencakup aparat pemerintah kabupaten, camat, kepala desa, tokoh masyarakat, dan warga masyarakat. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis kualitatf interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Problematika manajemen penanggulangan bencana melalui kebijakan Pemerintah adalah belum optimalnya tahapan penyelamatan dan evakuasi, pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, dan pemulihan prasarana dan sarana umum; 2) Model penanggulangan bencana berbasis sinergi modal sosial dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal memfokuskan pada penguatan elemen-elemen modal sosial seperti mutual trust, reciprocity, social norms, dan social networking baik pada saat terjadinya bencana maupun pasca bencana dengan dukungan nilainilai kearifan lokal yang bersumber dari pranata sosial secara turun temurun.