Penguatan Modal Sosial dan Mitigasi Bencana Puso:

Strengthening Social Capital and Disaster Mitigation of "Puso"

Abstract

Abstract
In rural development the analysis of strengthening social capital and mitigating puso disaster is an interesting study. This study from a sociological perspective was carried out in the villages of Kertawinangun, Soge, and Ilir in Indramayu district, West Java, in 2018. In general, the rice planting season is carried out in the “rendeng” and “sadon” seasons. However, the rice planting season in the three villages can only be done in the “rending” season. Even then, they often experience crop failure (“puso”), due to flooding in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. The solution to the failed rice harvest was to build the Kali Perawan dam. Dam construction needs financial capital and social capital. Social capital is the glue of social relations in the form of aspects: mutual cooperation, cooperation, trust, social networks, and so on. Strengthening social capital was facilitated by the Village Head, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), and community leaders to encourage the construction of the Kali Perawan Rubber Dam. This research method is qualitative. Collecting data through observation, documents, and interviews with informants. Data analysis was performed by triangulation. The results showed that strengthening social capital could strengthen community social relations, overcome mitigation of puso disasters, and improve agricultural businesses. Now the rice farmers enjoy harvesting 2 to 3 times a year, they can carry out agricultural diversification by planting “palawija”, fish farming and salt making. Strengthening social capital can improve farmers' welfare.

Dalam pembangunan pedesaan analisis penguatan modal sosial dan mitigasi bencana puso merupakan kajian yang menarik. Kajian dari perspektif sosiologi ini dilakukan di desa Kertawinangun, Soge, dan Ilir kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat, tahun 2018. Pada umumnya musim tanam padi dilakukan pada musim rendeng dan sadon. Namun musim tanam padi di ketiga desa tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan pada musim rendeng. Itupun sering mengalami gagal panen (puso), akibat banjir pada musim hujan dan kekeringan pada musim kemarau. Solusi gagal panen padi tersebut adalah membangun bendungan Kali Perawan. Pembangunan bendungan perlu modal finansial dan modal sosial. Modal sosial merupakan perekat hubungan sosial masyarakat berupa aspek-aspek: tata nilai, kearifan budaya, jejaring sosial, kepercayaan, dan gotong royong. Penguatan modal sosial difasilitasi Kepala Desa, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD), dan tokoh-tokoh masyarakat mendorong terwujudnya pembangunan Bendungan Karet Kali Perawan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Pengumpalan data melalui observasi, dokumen, dan wawancara terhadap informan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan modal sosial mampu merekatkan hubungan sosial masyarakat, mengatasi mitigasi bencana puso, dan meningkatkan usaha pertanian. Kini para petani padi sawah menikmati hasil panen 2 sampai 3 kali setahun, dapat melakukan usaha diversifikasi pertanian dengan menanam palawija, usaha pertambakan ikan, dan usaha pembuatan garam. Penguatan modal sosial mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.