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Migrasi Terpaksa Masyarakat Korban Bencana: Menelusuri Potret Kelangsungan Hidup Korban Lumpur Lapindo di Desa Kedungsolo Kecamatan Porong Sidoarjo

Forced Migration of Disaster Victims Community: Tracing the Survival Portrait of Lapindo Mud Victims in Kedungsolo Village, Porong Sidoarjo District

Authors
  • Pardamean Daulay Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
Issue       Vol 2 No 1 (2019): Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA)
Section       Articles
Galley      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.618
Keywords: livelihood migrasi terpaksa bencana lumpur lapindo
Published 2019-11-20

Abstract

Abstract
Forced migration for the purpose of saving itself from the dangers of recent disasters is common in Indonesia, such as migration by the victims of the Lapindo mudflow disaster. The Lapindo mudflow disaster did not claim human lives, but slowly the mud disaster had submerged houses and paddy fields, so that residents were forced to move to other areas. This article is a piece of the results of a study conducted to describe the survival of forced migrant victims of the Lapindo mudflow in the destination area. In accordance with these objectives, the research approach that is considered most appropriate is a qualitative approach, and data collection is done through in-depth interviews with several informants in a snowball manner. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively, which began when the researcher collected the data and carried out flowing with three stages, namely; data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions through verification. The results of this study found that the majority of Lapindo mudflow victims chose their destination a short distance from their origin, the choice of migration area based on the decision of family members and the use of kinship social networks. The majority of Lapindo mudflow victims have received compensation for land and paddy fields from PT. Lapindo, but they have difficulty getting rice fields as a substitute for assets (capital) so that changes in household livelihood patterns, which do not depend on life as farmers, but switch jobs in the informal sector, such as selling food, snacks for children, street vendors, becak drivers, and as a VCD trader at the Lapindo mud lake tourism site. The choice of survival strategy is based on several factors, namely; (1) reduced household income and lack of collateral, (2) difficulty in finding work in the destination area, (3) relocation and compensation for Lapindo mud victims' land that has not yet been completed, and (4) strong kinship values and social solidarity among Lapindo mudflow victims. 

 

Migrasi terpaksa (forced migration) untuk tujuan menyelematkan diri dari bahaya bencana belakangan ini jamak terjadi di Indonesia, seperti migrasi yang dilakukan masyarakat korban bencana lumpur lapindo. Bencana lumpur Lapindo, memang tidak merenggut korban jiwa manusia, tetapi secara perlahan-lahan bencana lumpur telah menenggelamkan rumah dan areal persawahan pendduduk, sehingga warga terpaksa pindah ke daerah lain. Artikel ini merupakan sepenggal dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan kelangsungan hidup migran terpaksa korban lumpur Lapindo di daerah tujuan. Sesuai dengan tujuan tersebut, pendekatan penelitian yang dianggap paling sesuai adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa informan secara snowbal. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif yang dimulai sejak peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data dan dilakukan secara mengalir dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu; reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan melalui verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa mayoritas korban lumpur lapindo memilih daerah tujuan yang jaraknya dekat dari daerah asal, pilihan daerah migrasi berdasarkan keputusan anggota keluarga dan memanfaatkan jaringan sosial kekerabatan. Mayoritas korban lumpur lapindo sudah menerima uang ganti rugi tanah dan lahan sawah dari PT. Lapindo, tetapi mereka kesulitan mendapatkan sawah sebagai pengganti asset (modal) sehingga terjadi perubahan pola penghidupan rumahtangga, dimana tidak menggantungkan kehidupan sebagai petani, tetapi beralih pekerjaan di sektor informal, seperti jual makanan, jajanan untuk anak-anak, tukang ojeng, supir becak, dan sebagai pedagang VCD di lokasi wisata danau lumpur Lapindo. Pilihan strategi kelangsungan hidup ini dilakukan atas dasar beberpa faktor, yaitu; (1) penghasilan rumah tangga yang mengalami pengurangan dan tidak adanya jaminan, (2) sulitnya memperoleh pekerjaan di daerah tujuan, (3) permasalahan relokasi dan ganti rugi tanah korban lumpur Lapindo yang belum tuntas, dan (4) kuatnya nilai-nilai kekerabatan dan solidarits sosial diantara korban lumpur Lapindo.