Kajian Refleksivitas Masyarakat Risiko dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Siaga Bencana Berbasis Collaborative Governance:

Risk Society Reflection Study in the Development of Collaborative Governance-Based Disaster Preparedness Tourism

Abstract

Abstract
Natural disaster alert and care have not been a main focus to tourism actors. Many tourist objects and destinations have been destroyed and taken material and non-material tolls due to natural disaster. This article studied thee importance of collaborative governance-based disaster alert tourism development based on literature study, data and information, and related document analyzed using Beck’s risk society. Tourism actors including government (Tourism Service, Social Service, Health Service, National Agency for Disaster Management, Indonesian Red Cross, Security Apparatus and etc) non-government (NGO, private, business realm, donor organization and volunteer), and society surrounding tourist objects and destinations and tourist should make coordination in preventing, alert, emergency response, social rehabilitation, and referral related to disaster. Disaster alert tourism can evolve when tourism actors (performers) as the risk society have knowledge on disaster variation and its anticipative measure; policy and guideline of disaster alert in tourist objects and destination; response and emergency response; information communication system, and disaster warning; and can mobilize resource and tourism potency existing to overcome natural disaster. Reflectivity of tourism actors as disaster risk society was accomplished by establishing disaster alert tourism team, giving education to tourism actors, providing communication and information system for natural disaster, installing warning signs and evacuation path, and taking emergency response measures by cooperating with those related.

Siaga dan peduli bencana alam belum menjadi hal utama pelaku wisata. Berbagai Obyek dan Daya Tarik Wisata (ODTW) hancur dengan menelan korban material maupun non material yang banyak karena tertimpa bencana alam. Artikel ini mengkaji pentingnya pengembangan pariwisata siaga bencana berbasis collaborative governance berdasarkan studi literatur, data dan informasi serta dokumen terkait yang dianalisis dengan teori masyarakat risiko dari Beck. Pelaku pariwisata baik pemerintah (Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Sosial, Dinas Kesehatan, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Palang Merah Indonesia, aparat keamanan, dan lain-lain); non pemerintah (LSM, swasta, dunia usaha, lembaga donor dan relawan), serta masyarakat di sekitar ODTW dan wisatawan perlu berkoordinasi dalam pencegahan, kesiapsiagaan bencana, penanganan tanggap darurat, rehabilitasi sosial dan rujukan terkait bencana. Pariwisata siaga bencana dapat berkembang bila pelaku wisata sebagai masyarakat berisiko mempunyai pengetahuan tentang variasi bencana dan antisipasinya; kebijakan dan panduan siaga bencana di ODTW; respons dan tanggap darurat; sistem komunikasi informasi dan peringatan bencana, serta mampu memobilisasi sumber daya dan potensi wisata yang ada untuk penanggulangan bencana alam. Refleksivitas pelaku wisata sebagai masyarakat berisiko bencana dilakukan dengan pembentukan tim pariwisata siaga bencana, penyuluhan kepada pelaku pariwisata, penyediaan sistem komunikasi dan informasi bencana alam,pemasangan rambu-rambu peringatan dan jalur evakuasi, serta tindakan tanggap darurat dengan menjalin kerjasama pihak-pihak terkait.