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The Effect of Income Inequality, Unemployment, and Urbanization on Crime Index in 5 ASEAN Countries

Authors
  • Nurhandayani Department of Economics Development, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Wahyu Sugeng Imam Soeparno Department of Economics Development, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Issue       Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA)
Section       Articles
Section      

Copyright (c) 2025 Talenta Conference Series

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Galley      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v8i1.2411
Keywords: crime index income inequality panel ARDL unemployment urbanization
Published 2025-02-28

Abstract

This study aims to determine how the long-term and short-term effects of income inequality, unemployment, and urbanization variables on the crime index in 5 ASEAN countries. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. Using panel data with a time period of 2012-2022. The object of research is ASEAN-5 countries which include Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore. The data analysis technique in this study uses the ARDL Panel method with testing using Eviews 12. The results show that the income inequality variable in the long term has a positive and significant effect on the crime index, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index. Unemployment variable in the long term has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index, while in the short term it has a negative and significant effect on the crime index. Urbanization variable in the long term has a positive and significant influence on the crime index, while in the short term has a positive and insignificant influence on the crime index.