Hubungan Self-Efficacy dan Social Loafing Tendency Pada Mahasiswa:

The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Social Loafing Tendency for Students

Abstract

Pendekatan pembelajaran yang berbasis tugas atau kerja kelompok bukan hal yang asing bagi para mahasiwa. Namun tugas yang diberikan dengan cara berkelompok memungkinkan terjadinya pemalasan sosial (social loafing), dimana individu mengurangi usahanya ketika ia bekerja dalam kelompok, dibandingkan ketika ia bekerja secara individual. Artinya pemberian tugas secara berkelompok bisa membuat individu yang seharusnya bertanggung jawab secara pribadi apabila tidak terkontrol dapat memungkinkan terjadinya pemalasan sosial yang justru menurunkan efektivitas pembelajaran itu sendiri. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan self- efficacy (keyakinan seseorang tentang kemampuan individu untuk melakukan satu tugas) dengan social loafing tendency. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan terhadap 300 mahasiwa pertanian dari dua universitas di kota Medan yaitu 150 mahasiswa dari Universitas Sumatera Utara dan 150 mahasiswa dari Universitas Methodis Indonesia. Proses pembelajaran melalui metode pembelajaran yang berbasis tugas kelompok cukup dominan menonjol khususnya di fakultas Pertanian di kedua universitas tersebut. Pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur Social Loafing Tendency berdasarkan teori Latane, sedangkan Self Efficacy berdasarkan Bandura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negative antara kedua variable tersebut. Semakin tinggi self-efficacy seseorang maka semakin rendah social loafing tendency.

A task-based or group work learning approach is not a new thing for the college students. But the task given in groups allows social loafing, where the individual reduces his effort when he works in groups, compared to when he works individually. This means that giving assignments in groups can make individuals who should be personally responsible if they are not controlled can allow social idling which actually reduces the effectiveness of learning itself. For this reason, the study was conducted aimed at finding out whether there is a relationship between self-efficacy (a person's belief in an individual's ability to do a task) and social loafing tendency. The study was conducted on 300 agricultural students from two universities in Medan, with 150 students from the University of Sumatera Utara and 150 students from the Methodist University of Indonesia. The learning process through group-based learning methods was quite dominant, especially in the Faculty of Agriculture in both universities. The measurements done by using a Social Loafing Tendency based on Latane theory and Self Efficacy which based on Bandura. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between the two variables. The higher a person's self-efficacy, the lower the social loafing tendency.