Rumah Tradisional Desa Budaya Lingga di Kabupaten Karo dalam Perspektif Pariwisata Budaya:

Traditional House of Lingga Cultural Village in Karo Regency in the Cultural Tourism Perspective

Abstract

Desa Budaya Lingga di Kabupaten Karo memiliki empat bangunan tradisional Karo yaitu bangunan Rumah Gerga, Belang Ayo, Sapo Ganjang, dan Griten. Sejak tahun 1980an Desa Lingga telah dijadikan ODTW favorit di Tanah Karo dan termasuk paling sering dikunjungi wisatawan mancanegara. Namun, mulai tahun 2000an terjadi penurunan wisatawan karena bangunan hancur satu persatu. Pada tahun 2012-2014 keempat rumah tradisional ini dikonservasi oleh Badan Warisan Sumatera atas dukungan World Monument Fund. Desa Budaya Lingga sebaiknya dikembangkan mengikuti segmentasi pasar pariwisata global, yaitu pariwisata budaya. Desa Lingga merupakan bukti tingginya peradaban nenek moyang masyarakat Lingga dan juga untuk mempersiapkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam menghadapi MEA 2015. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan deskriptif-kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dari survey, observasi, dan metode kepustakaan. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi-partisipasi, dan teknik dokumenter. Metode pengumpulan data dan strategi analisis data menggunakan model deskriptif-kualitatif dari Bungin (2007) disertai analisis SWOT yang sesuai dengan konsepsi Sun Tzu. Hasil penelitian disajikan secara informal melalui deskripsi induktif-analitik dan dilengkapi dengan penyajian formal. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian didasarkan pada deskripsi kata-kata dibantu penyajian formal.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Lingga memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai ODTW pariwisata budaya. Diperlukan pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Budaya Lingga dalam mengembangkan objek wisata rumah tradisional Karo di Desa Lingga sebagai bentuk peran serta masyarakat dalam pariwisata. Masyarakat perlu penyegaran terkait isu-isu pariwisata global, yaitu pengembangan Pariwisata Budaya dan sosialisasi Tourism Based-Community Development. Akhirnya, hasil penelitian bermanfaat bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Karo dalam membangun kepariwisataannya, mengembangkan ekonomi kreatif dan pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan ODTW pariwisata budaya.

Lingga Cultural Village in Karo District has four traditional Karo buildings, namely Gerga House, Belang Ayo, Sapo Ganjang, and Griten buildings. Since the 1980s Lingga Village has become the favorite ODTW in Tanah Karo and is one of the most frequently visited by foreign tourists. However, starting in the 2000s, there was a decline in tourists’ visits because buildings were destroyed one by one. In 2012-2014, these four traditional houses were conserved by the Sumatra Heritage Agency with the support of the World Monument Fund. Lingga Cultural Village should be developed following the segmentation of the global tourism market, namely cultural tourism. Lingga Village is a proof of how high the civilization of the ancestors of the Lingga community is and also to prepare for community involvement to face MEA 2015. The qualitative descriptive was used in this study. Data collection methods were obtained from surveys, observations, and library methods. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation-participation, and documentary techniques. Methods of data collection and data analysis strategies used descriptive-qualitative models from Bungin (2007) accompanied by SWOT analysis that is in accordance with Sun Tzu's conception. The results of the study were presented informally through inductive-analytic descriptions and were complemented by formal presentation. The conclusions of the research results were based on descriptions of words assisted by formal presentation. The results of the study showed that Lingga Village had great potential to be developed as ODTW cultural tourism. The empowerment of the Lingga Cultural Village community was needed in developing tourism objects of traditional Karo houses in Lingga Village as a form of community participation in tourism. The community needed refreshment related to global tourism issues, which was the development of Cultural Tourism and the promotion of Tourism Based-Community Development. Finally, the results of the study were beneficial for the Karo District Government in developing tourism, developing a creative economy and empowering local communities in the management of ODTW cultural tourism.