Analisis Pemerolehan Bahasa Pertama (Bahasa Batak Angkola) pada Anak Usia 2-2,5 Tahun :

First Language Acquisition Analysis (Batak Angkola Language) in Children Aged 2-2.5 Years

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan pemerolehan bahasa anak usia 2 – 2,5 tahun dari aspek fonologi yang meliputi pemerolehan vokal, pemerolehan konsonan, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pemerolehan fonologi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Padangsidimpuan pada bulan Februari-Agustus 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Sumber data diperoleh dari seorang anak yang bernama MF.  Data artikel ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, catatan harian, dan wawancara. Temuan dalam artikel ini memperlihatkan bahwa MF telah menguasai fonem [a], [i], [u], [e], [o], [∂], [є], dan [Ο]. Fonem vocal itu dikuasainya pada usia 2 tahun 1 bulan. Vokal pertama yang dikuasainya adalah vocal [a], [i], dan [u], kemudian vocal depan [i], [e], [ε], lalu vocal belakang, ]כ[, ]o[, ]u[ dan vocal tengah [∂], [a]. Bunyi vocal rangkap yang tidak bersifat diftong juga telah dikuasai pada usia 2 tahun 3 bulan, misalnya [au], [ai] dan [ue]. Akan tetapi, diftong asli [au] dan [ai] baru dikuasainya pada usia 2 tahun 6 bulan. Sementara itu, konsonan [p], [b], [t], [d], [s], [h], [c], [j], [m], [n], [ŋ], [l], [w], dan [y] dikuasainya dengan baik. Konsonan [t], [s], [c], [j], dan [ŋ] sudah muncul, tetapi masih berfluktuasi dengan bunyi lain. Bunyi hambat velar [g], [k] belum diucapkan secara tepat. Bunyi [k] baru dikuasai jika terletak pada tengah dan akhir kata. Bunyi frikatif [f] dan [v] dan bunyi getar [r] belum muncul dan dikuasainya. MF melakukan pola substitusi untuk mengucapkan fonem-fonem yang belum dikuasainya, seperti fonem [f], [v], [z], dan [x]. Munculnya berbagai variasi dalam pemerolehan fonologi MF sebagian besar disebabkan oleh belum sempurnanya alat ucap MF. Penelitian masih terbuka untuk penelitian pemerolehan fonologi lebih lanjut karena pemerolehan bahasa MF belum mencapai puncak. Namun dapat juga meneliti pemerolehan bahasa pada aspek bahasa lainnya.

This study aims to describe the language acquisition of children aged 2 - 2.5 years from the phonological aspect which includes the acquisition of vowels, acquisition of consonants, and factors that influence the acquisition of phonology. The research was conducted in Padangsidimpuan in February-August 2020. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The source of the data was obtained from a child named MF. The data for this article were collected through observations, diaries, and interviews. The findings in this article show that MF has mastered the phonemes [a], [i], [u], [e], [o], [∂], [є], and [Ο]. Vocal phonemes were mastered at the age of 2 years and 1 month. The first vowels he mastered were vowels [a], [i], and [u], then front vowels [i], [e], [ε], then back vowels, ]כ[, ]o[, ]u[ and middle vowel [∂], [a]. Double vowel sounds that are not diphthongs have also been mastered at the age of 2 years and 3 months, for example [au], [ai] and [ue]. However, he only mastered the original diphthongs [au] and [ai] at the age of 2 years and 6 months. Meanwhile, consonants [p], [b], [t], [d], [s], [h], [c], [j], [m], [n], [ŋ], [l ], [w], and [y] are mastered well. Consonants [t], [s], [c], [j], and [ŋ] have appeared, but still fluctuate with other sounds. Velar block sounds [g], [k] are not pronounced properly. The sound [k] is only mastered if it is located in the middle and end of the word. The fricative sound [f] and [v] and the vibrating sound [r] have not yet emerged and been mastered. MF performs a substitution pattern to pronounce the phonemes that he has not mastered, such as the phonemes [f], [v], [z], and [x]. The emergence of various variations in the acquisition of MF phonology is largely due to the imperfection of the MF speech instrument. Research is still open for further research on phonological acquisition because MF language acquisition has not yet reached its peak. However, it can also examine language acquisition in other aspects of language.