The Influence of GDP per Capita, Income Inequality, Population Density, and Unemployment on the Crime Index in 7 ASEAN Countries

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, income inequality, population density, and unemployment on the crime index in 7 ASEAN countries during the period 2013-2023, both in the long term and short term. Using panel data with a total of 77 observations. The results of the study indicate that the GDP per capita variable has a negative and significant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries. The income inequality variable has a positive and significant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the crime index in the seven ASEAN countries. The population density variable has a positive and significant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries. The unemployment variable has a negative and significant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries in the long term, while in the short term it has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime index in the 7 ASEAN countries.