Perancangan dan Redesain Alat Bantu Kerja Dengan Metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Pada Stasiun Penggulungan PT. XYZ

Abstract

Di pabrik XYZ ini masih banyak menggunakan alat bantu kerja yang tergolong lama dan tidak ergonomis. Pada stasiun penggulungan banyak terdapat aktivitas material handling mendorong dan meratakan teh. Berdasarkan penyebaran kuesioner NBM, operator stasiun penggulungan mengalami keluhan pada bagian otot terutama pinggang, punggung, dan kaki dikarenakan posisi saat meratakan teh dan mendorong kereta dorong sangat membungkuk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkatan resiko pada postur operator di stasiun penggulungan dan dilakukannya perancangan ulang kereta dorong dan spatula untuk mendapatkan posisi kerja yang ergonomis. Metode REBA digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkatan resiko postur kerja operator dan dilakukan pengukuran antropometri untuk perancangan ulang kereta dorong dan spatula. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian REBA, postur kerja operator memiliki tingkatan sangat tinggi yang artinya operator perlu dilakukan tindakan sekarang juga dan perlu perubahan. Metode Biomekanika digunakan untuk mengetahui besaran gaya yang dihasilkan pada saat mendorong dengan posisi membungkuk. Perancangan ulang kereta dorong dan spatula ini dilakukan menggunakan antropometri operator dengan persentil 95th. Setelah menggunakan alat usulan, penilaian postur kerja dikategorikan sedang yang berarti sedang perlu tindakan. Hasil perbandingan awal dan akhir yaitu alat awal panjang gerobak 160 cm, lebar gerobak 120 cm, tinggi gerobak dari tanah 48 cm, lebar pegangan 120 cm, diameter pegangan 15 cm, tinggi pegangan dari tanah 46 cm, dan diameter ban 20 cm sedangkan alat akhir yaitu panjang gerobak 160 cm, lebar gerobak 120 cm, diameter pegangan 2,5 cm, tinggi pegangan dari tanah 98 cm dan diameter ban 35 cm. Sedangkan untuk spatula yaitu panjang pegangan 51 cm, diameter genggaman 2,5 cm, lebar mata spatula 30 cm dan tebal mata spatula yaitu 0,4 cm. Dari hasil akhir penilaian biomekanika setelah perancangan menyimpulkan bahwa operatoran tersebut tidak lagi membahayakan pada saat mendorong dan meratakan teh.

At the XYZ factory, many work aids are still used which are old and not ergonomic. At the rolling station there is a lot of material handling activity pushing and leveling the tea. Based on the distribution of the NBM questionnaire, the rolling station operator experienced complaints in the muscles, especially the waist, back and legs because the position when leveling the tea and pushing the stroller was very bent. This research was conducted to determine the level of risk in the operator's posture at the winding station and to redesign the cart and spatula to obtain an ergonomic working position. The REBA method was used to determine the risk level of the operator's working posture and anthropometric measurements were taken to redesign the stroller and spatula. Based on the results of the REBA assessment, the operator's working posture has a very high level, which means that the operator needs to take action now and needs to change. The Biomechanics method is used to determine the amount of force produced when pushing in a bent position. The redesign of the stroller and spatula was carried out using operator anthropometry with the 95th percentile. After using the suggestion tool, the work posture assessment was categorized as moderate, which means that action is needed. The results of the initial and final comparison were that the initial tool had a cart length of 160 cm, cart width 120 cm, cart height from the ground 48 cm, handle width 120 cm, handle diameter 15 cm, handle height from the ground 46 cm, and tire diameter 20 cm while the final tool namely the length of the cart is 160 cm, the width of the cart is 120 cm, the handle diameter is 2.5 cm, the height of the handle from the ground is 98 cm and the tire diameter is 35 cm. Meanwhile, for spatulas, the length of the handle is 51 cm, the diameter of the grip is 2.5 cm, the width of the spatula blade is 30 cm and the thickness of the spatula blade is 0.4 cm. From the final results of the biomechanical assessment after design, it was concluded that this operation was no longer dangerous when pushing and leveling the tea.