Proses Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri pada Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.) subgrade Menggunakan Metode Distilasi Uap
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Issue | Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) | |
Section | Articles | |
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Copyright (c) 2024 Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v7i1.2183 | |
Keywords: | Destilasi Kunyit Minyak Kunyit RSM Distillation Turmeric Turmeric Oil | |
Published | 2024-10-22 |
Abstract
Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di indonesia. Produksi kunyit di Indonesia pada tahun 2022 sebanyak 196.499,57 ton (BPS, 2023). Kunyit subgrade segar yang tidak masuk pasar di ekstraksi untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri. Proses ekstraksi minyak atsiri menggunakan metode distilasi uap. Pada umumnya metode destilasi uap digunakan untuk mengekstraksi minyak dari tanaman aromatik dan tanaman obat dengan uap yang dihasilkan dari boiler. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif kunyit subgrade dilakukan proses ekstrasi dalam menghasilkan minyak atsiri. Alat destilasi uap yang digunakan dengan sistem pemanasan ketel menggunakan tekanan dan lama waktu ekstraksi sebagai faktor penghasil yield yang optimal. Analisis yang dilakukan terdiri dari hasil rendemen (yield), densitas, indeks bias, dan pengujian GC-MS (Gass Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry) berdasarkan tekanan dan waktu distilasi optimal. Diperoleh hasil yang disarankan oleh software Design Expert 13 merekomendasikan perlakuan yang optimal pada proses destilasi minyak kunyit yaitu perlakuan tekanan uap 1,262 atm dan waktu destilasi 8 jam, diprediksi menghasilkan rendemen 0,911%, densitas 0,973 dan indeks bias 1,510. Analisis GC-MS sampel perlakuan optimal dominan mengandung senyawa turmeron, Ar-turmeron, dan (E)-atlanton dengan jumlah masing-masing sebesar 18,70%, 11,67%, dan 7,25%.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a plant that grows widely in Indonesia. Curry production in Indonesia by 2022 will be 196,499,57 tons (BPS, 2023). Fresh subgrade turmeric that does not enter the market is extracted to produce essential oil. The essential oil extraction process uses the steam distillation method. In general, the steam distillation method is used to extract oil from aromatic plants and medicinal plants with steam produced from a boiler. The aim of this study is to find out how effective subgrade turmeric is in the extraction process for the production of essential oils. Steam distillation equipment used with a boiler heating system relies on pressure and long extraction times to produce optimal results. The analysis consists of yield results, density, bias index, and GC-MS (Gass Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry) testing based on optimum distillation pressure and time. The results were suggested by the Design Expert 13 software, which said that the best way to distill turmeric oil would be with a steam pressure of 1.262 atm and an 8-hour distillation time. This would produce yield 0,911%, density 0,973, and bias index 1,510. GC-MS analysis of the dominant optimal treatment sample contained compounds of turmeron, ar-turmeron, and (E)-atlanton in amounts of 18.70%, 11.67%, and 7.25%, respectively.