Analisis Kelayakan Penggantian Mesin Boiler dengan Metode Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Profitability Index (PI)
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Issue | Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) | |
Section | Articles | |
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Copyright (c) 2024 Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v7i1.2174 | |
Keywords: | NPV Inflasi Investasi Kelayakan inflation investment feasibility | |
Published | 2024-10-22 |
Abstract
PT. XYZ Tbk. adalah perusahaan perkebunan yang bergerak dalam produksi minyak kelapa sawit, karet, teh, dan kakao. Metode yang digunakan perusahaan adalah analisis Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Profitability Index (PI). Laba bersih yang didapatkan per tahun dihitung melalui pendapatan keseluruhan dikurangi beban biaya bahan baku, biaya proses, biaya overhead (listrik, air, fasilitas kerja), dan biaya depresiasi. Laba bersih kemudian dikenakan biaya pajak sebesar 22% berdasarkan UU PPh Pasal 17 karena PT. XYZ merupakan badan usaha tetap. Hasil penghitungan IRR Excel menunjukan NPV = 0 dibandingkan dengan IRR Manual yang menunjukkan NPV ≠ 0. Hasil ini dapat terjadi karena estimasi secara manual belum presisi, sehingga IRR manual perlu dilakukan koreksi hingga NPV bernilai nol. Dalam kasus ini, maka penghitungan yang lebih sesuai dengan definisi IRR (membuat NPV = 0) adalah penghitungan berdasarkan Excel. Dengan demikian, IRR yang digunakan adalah IRR Excel yang bernilai 23,24%. Berdasarkan pengamatan secara langsung di PT. XYZ, perencanaan manajemen untuk membeli boiler baru layak untuk dilakukan sebab berdasarkan peninjauan lapangan langsung, kondisi boiler kelihatan sudah layak dipertimbangkan untuk diganti. Berdasarkan analisis permasalahan, nilai NPV bernilai positif, IRR = 23,24% > MARR =12,35% dan nilai PI = 1,627 > 1. Ketiga hasil menunjukkan bahwa investasi boiler sebesar Rp5.000.000.000 layak untuk dilakukan. Keuntungan/penghematan yang berpotensi perusahaan dapatkan bernilai sebesar Rp3.132.580.621,05 (sebesar 62,65% dari biaya investasi yang dikeluarkan) dengan kondisi inflasi 7%, suku bunga deposito 5% dan pemakaian selama 20 tahun.
PT. XYZ Tbk. is a plantation company engaged in the production of palm oil, rubber, tea, and cocoa. The company uses Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI) analysis methods. The net profit obtained each year is calculated by subtracting the total revenue from the costs of raw materials, processing costs, overhead costs (electricity, water, facilities), and depreciation costs. The net profit is then subject to a tax rate of 22% according to Article 17 about Income Tax Law because PT. XYZ is a permanent establishment. The Excel IRR calculation shows NPV = 0 compared to the Manual IRR which shows NPV ≠ 0. This result can occur because the manual estimation is not precise, so the manual IRR needs to be corrected until NPV equals zero. In this case, the calculation that is more appropriate to the definition of IRR (making NPV = 0) is based on Excel. Thus, the IRR used is the Excel IRR which is 23,24%. Based on direct observations at PT. XYZ, management planning to purchase a new boiler is feasible because based on direct field surveys, the condition of the boiler seems suitable for replacement. Based on the analysis of the problem, the NPV value is positive, IRR = 23,24% > MARR = 12,35%, and the PI value 1,627 > 1. All three results indicate that the investment of Rp5.000.000.000 in the boiler is feasible. The potential profits/savings that the company can obtain amount to Rp3.132.580.621,05 (62,65% of the investment cost incurred) with inflation at 7%, deposit interest rates at 5%, and a lifespan of 20 years.