Pemurnian Grafit dari Anoda Baterai Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Bekas
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Issue | Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) | |
Section | Articles | |
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Copyright (c) 2024 Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v7i1.2164 | |
Keywords: | Baterai NMC Daur Ulang Grafit Leaching Spent NMC Battery Recycling Graphite | |
Published | 2024-10-22 |
Abstract
Era transportasi baru di Indonesia yaitu penggunaan kendaraan listrik yang diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) No. 55 tahun 2019 mendorong peningkatan penggunaan baterai khususnya baterai tipe Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) yang banyak digunakan karena unggul dari segi penyimpanan energi. Meskipun demikian, usai habis pakai, baterai NMC bekas menghasilkan limbah yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Selain berbagai logam, di dalam limbah baterai ini terdapat grafit yang berpotensi untuk didaur ulang. Grafit merupakan karbon kualitas tinggi berstruktur dan umum digunakan sebagai komponen baterai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi recovery logam pengotor dalam rangka memurnikan grafit dari baterai NMC bekas. Mula-mula, grafit dalam baterai bekas dipisahkan dari katoda dan anoda. Logam pengotor dalam grafit dibersihkan secara selektif dengan proses acid leaching menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4) dan asam peroksida (H2O2) sebagai senyawa reduktor. Pada penelitian, dilakukan eksplorasi variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat dan suhu proses leaching dalam rangka memurnikan grafit. Pada akhir proses leaching, larutan hasil leaching diambil dan dianalisis dengan ICP-OES pada setiap variasi. Variasi suhu dan konsentrasi pada proses acid leaching mampu meningkatkan kemurnian grafit dengan menghilangkan logam-logam pengotor. Peningkatan suhu pada proses acid leaching meningkatkan recovery logam pengotor secara signifikan. Suhu 75°C memberikan recovery maksimum untuk sebagian besar logam pengotor yang dievaluasi. Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi asam sulfat juga meningkatkan recovery logam pengotor, dimana recovery maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 1 M. Oleh karena itu, kontrol yang tepat terhadap suhu dan konsentrasi asam sulfat dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemurnian grafit bekas baterai NMC.
A new era of transportation in Indonesia, with the use of electric vehicles regulated by Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No. 55 of 2019, has spurred the increased use of batteries, especially Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) batteries, which are widely favored for their superior energy storage capabilities. However, after reaching their end of life, the spent NMC batteries become a hazardous waste for environment. Beside various metals, the waste contains graphite that holds potential for recycling. Graphite, a high-quality structured carbon, is commonly used as a battery component. This study aims to recover graphite from spent NMC batteries. Initially, graphite in the batteries was separated from the cathode and anode. Impurity metals in the graphite were selectively cleaned through an acid leaching process using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a reducing compound. The study investigated some variations in sulfuric acid concentration and leaching process temperature to purify the graphite. At the end of the leaching process, the leaching solution was collected and analyzed using ICP-OES for each variation. Increasing temperature in the acid leaching process significantly enhanced the recovery of metals as impurity. A temperature of 75°C provided the maximum recovery for most evaluated impurity metals. Additionally, increasing concentration of sulfuric acid also enhanced the recovery of impurity metals, with the maximum recovery achieved at a concentration of 1 M. Therefore, a precise control over temperature and sulfuric acid concentration can improve the purification efficiency of graphite from spent NMC batteries.