Pengaruh Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri Terhadap Respon Fisiologis dan Respon Subjektif bagi Tenaga Kesehatan

Abstract

Dalam upaya mencegah risiko heat-related illness dan menjaga performansi kerja tenaga medis, identifikasi respon fisiologi dan subjektif yang timbul akibat pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) menjadi suatu hal yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon fisiologis dan subjektif dari tenaga medis ketika memakai APD level 2 dan APD level 3 sesuai panduan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan eksperimen di laboratorium. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 orang wanita yang berprofesi tenaga medis dengan usia 28,8 ± 2,53 tahun. Beban kerja fisik diatur setara 65% kapasitas maksimal denyut jantung (HRmax). Parameter yang diukur selama aktivitas meliputi parameter fisiologis yakni denyut jantung (HR) dan subjektif meliputi: thermal sensation, thermal comfort, clothing comfort, skin wetness, dan rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian APD menghasilkan pola perubahan HR pada kedua kondisi relatif sama yaitu konstan pada fase baseline, bergerak naik seiring peningkatan durasi physical activity, dan berangsur menurun pada fase recovery. Perbedaan antara kedua APD menunjukkan HR yang lebih rendah selama aktivitas sampai akhir pada APD Level 2 (HRend=106 ± 3 bpm) dibandingkan APD Level 3 (HRend=123 ± 4 bpm). Selain itu pemakaian APD Level 3 juga memiliki nilai thermal sensation, thermal comfort, clothing comfort, heat sensation, dan RPE yang lebih buruk dibandingkan APD Level 2. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian APD Level 3 berpotensi meningkatkan heat strain yang lebih besar dibandingkan penggunaan APD Level 2. Hal tersebut penting diketahui untuk memonitor batasan heat strain sehingga beban kerja yang dialami tenaga medis tidak terlalu berat.

To prevent the risk of heat-related illness and to maintain work performance for medical personnel, identification of physiological and subjective responses caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) has become important. This study aims to examine how the effect of PPE level 2 and PPE level 3, in accordance with the guidelines Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia during pandemic Covid-19. This study was conducted using primary data with experiments in the laboratory. The total subjects were 10 female medical workers, with the average age of 28.8 ± 2.53 years. Physical workload was set equal to 65% maximum heart rate capacity (HRmax). The parameters measured during experiment include physiological parameters specifically heart rate (HR) and subjective include: thermal sensation, thermal comfort, clothing comfort, skin wetness, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The results showed that the use of PPE resulted pattern of changes in HR values in both conditions is relatively the same, constant in the baseline phase, then moves up as the duration of physical activity increases, and gradually decreases in the recovery phase. The difference between the two PPE indicated a lower HR during activity to end at Level 2 PPE (HRend=106 ± 3 bpm) than Level 3 PPE (HRend=123 ± 4 bpm). In addition, Level 3 PPE showed significantly worse subjective responses (thermal sensation, thermal comfort, clothing comfort, heat sensation, RPE) as compared to Level 2 PPE. These results indicate that the use of Level 3 PPE had the potential to increase greater heat strain than Level 2 PPE. This is important to know to monitor thermal strain limits and decrease medical workers’ physical workload.