Pengaruh Faktor Pengembangan Wilayah Terhadap Perubahan Guna Lahan di Deli Serdang:

The Influence of Regional Development Factors on Land Use Change in Deli Serdang

Abstract

Dinamika pengembangan wilayah kota menimbulkan permintaan supply lahan bermukim seiring meluasnya wilayah pembangunan kota ke arah pinggiran kota.Salah satu wilayah bertetangga hinterland kota Medan dengan Kabupaten Deli Serdang adalah kawasan Tembung di Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan yang menunjukkan gejala peri-urbanisasi menjadi kawasan cepat tumbuh desa-kota.Secara spatial arsitektural perubahan struktur kependudukan kawasan Tembung menunjukkan meluasnya pertumbuhan lahan terbangun permukiman yang menimbulkan masalah terbentuknya pola guna lahan (land use) terbangun secara acak (sprawl).Kajian ini mengungkapkan faktor-faktor daya tarik kawasan yang berpengaruh serentak terhadap terbentuknya pola guna lahan terbangun di kawasan Tembungmeliputi aspek topografi, aksesibilitas, infrastruktur, sosial-ekonomi, potensi imaji lokal.Dengan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dilakukan analisis atas data persepsi para pemukim di wilayah terbangun cepat tumbuh. Analisis deskriptif dan regresiSEM menunjukkan keseluruhan faktorberpengaruh terhadap perubahan guna lahandengan rincian hanya pada faktor aksesibilitas (P=0,039), infrastruktur (P=0,005), sosio ekonomi (P=0,038), potensi imaji lokal (P=0,007) yang signifikan berperan menjadi daya tarik kuat bagi perubahan guna lahan terbangun. Implikasi temuan perlunya pengawasan dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang terbangun di wilayah berdaya tarik kuat guna mengarahkan kecenderungan dampak negatif urban sprawl development.

The dynamics of urban development lead to the demand for land supply along with the expansion of urban development areas towards the suburb of the cities. One neighboring area of ​​Medan City, the hinterland in Deli Serdang Regency is Tembung, located in Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict.It shows symptoms of peri-urbanization which becomes village-city fast growth area. In architectural spatial, the changes in population structure of Tembung shows the widespread growth of settlement land built that caused problems in the formation of land use (sprawl). This study revealed regional attraction factors which had simultaneous effect on the formation of land use built patterns in Tembung area including topographic aspects, accessibility, infrastructure, socio-economic, local image potential. An analysis was condected by using quantitative descriptive method on the data of resident perceptions in rapidly growing built up area. Descriptive analysis and SEM regression showed all factors affected the change in land use with details only on accessibility factors (P = 0.039), infrastructure (P = 0.005), socio-economic (P = 0.038), local image potency (P = 0.007) which significantly attracted the changes in land use built. This study showed implications of the need for monitoring and controling land use built in regions of strong attraction area to control negative impacts of urban sprawl development.