Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia

Abstract

There are many benefits of promoting of native chickens for rural poultry development in Indonesia. They are commonly raised in many areas of Indonesia and play a major role in food production, providing the main source of dietary animal protein for many people. They are often called “non-breed chickens"— (“or (“buras") to differentiate them from modern commercialized chicken breeds. There are at least 34 kinds of native chickens in Indonesia. Some of the more common native chickens, namely Ayunai, Balenggek, Banten, Bangkok, Burgo, Bekisar, Cemani, Ciparage, Gaok, Kampung, Kasintu, Kedu, Pelung, Lamba, Maleo, Merawang, Nagrak, Nunukan, Nusa Penida, Olagan, Sedayu, Sentul, Sumatera, Tolaki, Tukung, Wareng, Sabu, and Semau. Some of them are used for non-food purposes. Indonesia with its population is over 258.71 million people in 2016 has an annual level of protein consumption from poultry meat of 12.97 kg/capita/year and poultry eggs exceeded 190 eggs/capita/year. They accounted for about 10% of Indonesia‘s total meat consumption compared to broiler (55%), beef (19%), pork (8%), goat (7%), and others (1%) with its per capita meat consumption from livestock is still lower compared to many countries. There are three types of husbandry systems are used to raise native chickens in Indonesia. First, the extensive traditional system, farmers usually reared them ranged between 2 to 20 birds. Second, the semi-intensive with the bird numbers typically range from the least ownership of 25 birds to hundreds. Finally, there is professionally managed intensive system. The number of chickens reared is varies from hundreds to thousands.