Teknologi Perakitan Klon Karet Unggul dengan Komponen Biayanya:

Assembly Technology of Superior Rubber Clone with Its Cost Components

Abstract

Perakitan klon karet unggul terus menerus dilakukan sejak tahun 1980-an di Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet. Teknik perakitan dilakukan secara konvensional dengan persilangan alami dan buatan. Setelah itu dilakukan seleksi, pengujian pendahuluan, pengujian lanjutan, dan pengujian adaptasi. Tujuan perakitan adalah mendapatkan klonyang memiliki potensi hasil dan sifat-sifat agronomis lebih baik dari padaklon saat ini. Keunggulan suatu klon ditentukan oleh faktor genetik yang dikandungnya dan diekspresikan dalam bentuk morfologis, susunan anatomis dan proses fisiologis yang menunjang pertumbuhan, potensi hasil dan daya adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Sepuluh tahun terakhir (2006 s.d 2015), total bunga yang disilangkan adalah 224.248 bunga, dengan jumlah tanaman F1 sebanyak 2.451 genotipe. Kebun F1 terbangun sebanyak lima lokasi yaitu F1 HP 2000, F1 HP 2001 s.d 2005, F1 HP 2006 s.d 2009, F1 HP 2010 s.d 2012, F1 HP 2013, danF1 HP 2014, 2015.Kebun pengujian pendahuluan terbangun delapan lokasi yaitu UP/1/93, UP/2/94, UP/3/96, UP/4/98, UP/5/99, UP/6/01, UP/7/04 dan UP/8/12.Kebun pengujian lanjutan terbangun sebanyak delapan lokasi yaitu UL/14/97, UL 15/99, UL/16/99, UL/17/99, UL/18/02, UL/21/04, UL/OB/04, UL/22/05. Kebun penggujian adaptasi terbangun tiga lokasi yaitu UA/1/05, UA2/05, UA/3/10. Siklus perakitan klon unggul membutuhkan waktu yang lama (±30 tahun) dan biaya yang besar (Rp. 0,77 milyar) yaitu biaya dikebun persilangan buatan Rp. 30,5 juta, di kebun F1 Rp. 77,2 juta, di kebun pengujian pendahuluan Rp. 209,9 juta, dikebun pengujian lanjutan Rp. 219,7 juta, dan di kebun pengujian adaptasi Rp. 230,4 juta.

The assembly of superior rubber clones has been continuously carried out since the 1980s at the Rubber Research Center, Sungai Putih. The assembly technique is done conventionally with natural and artificial crosses, selection, preliminary testing, follow-up testing, and adaptation testing. This assembly aims to get clones that have potential results and better agronomic properties than current clones. The superiority of a clone is determined by its genetic factors and was expressed in morphological forms, anatomical arrangements and physiological processes that support growth, production and adaptability to the environment. In the last ten years (2006 to 2015), the total number of flowers crossed was 224,248 flowers, with total F1 genotypes of 2,451. F1 Gardens were built in five locations such as F1 HP 2000, F1 HP 2001 to 2005, F1 HP 2006 to 2009, F1 HP 2010 to 2012, F1 HP 2013, and F1 HP 2014 to 2015. Preliminary testing plant were built in eight locations such as UP / 1/93, UP / 2/94, UP / 3/96, UP / 4/98, UP / 5/99, UP / 6/01, UP / 7/04 and UP / 8/12. The advanced testing plant were built in eight locations, such as UL / 14/97, UL 15/99, UL / 16/99, UL / 17/99, UL / 18/02, UL / 21/04, UL / OB / 04, UL / 22/05. Adaptation testing plant were built in three locations such as UA / 1/05, UA2 / 05, UA / 3/10. The superior clone assembly cycle requires a long time (± 30 years) and requires a large cost (Rp. 0.77 billion), consisting of Rp. 30.5 million for an artificial crossing garden, Rp. 77.2 million for F1 garden , Rp. 209.9 million for preliminary testing garden, Rp. 219.7 million for further test plantation, and Rp. 230.4 million for adaptation testing in the garden.