Uji Metabolit Trichoderma spp. Terhadap Ganoderma sp.IN VITRO:

Metabolite Analysis of Trichoderma sp. against Ganoderma sp. In vitro

Abstract

Ganoderma spp.merupakan penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian besar pada tanaman kelapa sawit.Ganoderma spp. menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit 78 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Pengendalian kimia dan kultur teknis hanya dapat mengurangi serangan Ganoderma spp.10%/ha sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian hayati, seperti penggunan cendawan antagonis. Trichoderma merupakan cendawan antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma spp.dengan menghasilkan metabolik skunder dan toxin ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji metabolit Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.in vitro.Penelitian ini di lakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian USU (±25m dpl.) pada Juli – Desember 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan bebrapa jenis isolat jamur yaitu: Kontrol, Trichodermaspp.1, Trichodermaspp.2, Trichodermaspp.3, Trichodermaspp. 4, Trichodermaspp.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2 dan nilai uji filtrat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2.

Ganoderma sp. is an important disease that causes large losses in oil palm plants. Ganoderma sp. reduce palm oil production to 78% of total palm oil production in North Sumatra. Chemical control and technical culture can only reduce the attack of Ganoderma spp. of 10%/ha, so that an alternative biological control is needed, such as the use of antagonist fungi. Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. by producing metabolic secondary and extracellular toxins. This study aims to examine the metabolites of Trichoderma sp. in controlling Ganoderma sp. in vitro. This study was by using a non-factorial complete randomized design with several types of fungi isolates such as Control, Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and Trichoderma sp. 5. The results showed that the highest inhibition was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2 and the highest filtrate test value was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2.